Question 1

A gold ring is an example of a ________ solution.

Accepted Answer

A gold ring, especially if it's an alloy (e.g., mixed with copper to make rose gold or with silver and copper to make yellow gold), is an example of a solid/solid solution. In such a solution, metals are mixed together in the solid state to form a homogeneous mixture.

Question 2

A phase diagram of temperature versus composition for a mixture of the two volatile liquids octane (bp =  and decane (bp = 126°C)is shown. 
-Assume that you start with a mixture containing 0.80 mol of decane and 0.20 mol of octane,what is the vapor composition at the boiling point?

Accepted Answer

The vapor composition at the boiling point is represented by the composition at point c on a phase diagram, which indicates the vapor phase in equilibrium with the liquid mixture.

Question 3

A phase diagram of temperature versus composition for a mixture of the two volatile liquids octane (bp =  and decane (bp = 126°C)is shown. 
-Assume that you start with a mixture containing 0.80 mol of decane and 0.20 mol of octane,what is the liquid composition at the boiling point?

Accepted Answer

At the boiling point of the mixture, the liquid phase will be in equilibrium with the vapor phase. At point b, the liquid composition is at the boiling point and is in equilibrium with the vapor phase. Therefore, the composition of the liquid phase at the boiling point would be the same as the composition at point b, which is approximately 60% decane and 40% octane. Therefore, the best choice is B.

Question 4

Two beakers,one with pure water (light gray)and the other with an aqueous solution of KBr (dark gray),are placed in a closed container represented by drawing (a).Which of the drawings (a)-(d)represents what the beakers will look like after a substantial amount of time has passed?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two beakers,one with pure water (light gray)and...

Question 5

A phase diagram of temperature versus composition for a mixture of the two volatile liquids octane (bp =  and decane (bp = 126°C)is shown. 
-Assume that the vapor at point c is condensed and reboiled.What is the liquid composition of the condensed vapor prior to reboiling?

Accepted Answer

At point c, the vapor in equilibrium with the liquid has a composition that lies on the line separating the two liquid phases. When this vapor is condensed and reboiled, its composition will lie on the line separating the two liquid phases in the reboiler. This line passes through point d, so the liquid composition of the condensed vapor prior to reboiling is the composition at point d, which is approximately 76% decane and 24% octane.

Question 6

A phase diagram of temperature versus composition for a mixture of the two volatile liquids octane (bp =  and decane (bp = 126°C)is shown. 
-Assume that you start with a mixture containing 0.80 mol of decane and 0.20 mol of octane,at what approximate temperature will the mixture begin to boil?

Accepted Answer

At point b, the mixture is at the boiling point (vapor pressure = atmospheric pressure) and the composition is approximately 0.20 mol of decane and 0.80 mol of octane. Therefore, when we start with a mixture containing 0.80 mol of decane and 0.20 mol of octane, it will begin to boil at approximately the temperature at point b.

Question 7

-What is the approximate boiling temperature of a mixture that is 0.70 X_A and 0.30 X_B?

Accepted Answer

The boiling point of a mixture can be estimated using Raoult's Law, which states that the boiling point of a mixture is dependent on the boiling points of the pure components and their mole fractions in the mixture. Given X_A (ethanol) has a boiling point of approximately 78°C and X_B (water) boils at 100°C, a mixture of 0.70 ethanol and 0.30 water would have a boiling point lower than 100°C but higher than 78°C. Since 75°C is the only option within this range, it is the best estimate.

Question 8

-What is the approximate vapor composition above a boiling solution that is 0.70 X_A and 0.30 X_B?

Accepted Answer

Raoult's Law suggests that in a boiling solution, the component with the lower boiling point (assuming XS1U1B1BS1U1B0 is more volatile) will have a higher composition in the vapor phase than in the liquid phase. Therefore, if the solution is 0.70 XS1U1B1AS1U1B1 and 0.30 XS1U1B1BS1U1B0, the vapor will be enriched in XS1U1B1BS1U1B0, making the correct answer 0.30 XS1U1B1AS1U1B0 and 0.70 XS1U1B1BS1U1B0.

Question 9

A phase diagram of temperature versus composition for a mixture of the two volatile liquids octane (bp =  and decane (bp = 126°C)is shown. 
-Assume that the vapor at point c is condensed and reboiled.What is the vapor composition during reboiling?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A phase diagram of temperature versus composition...

Question 10

A phase diagram of temperature versus composition for a mixture of the two volatile liquids octane (bp =  and decane (bp = 126°C)is shown. 
-Assume that you start with a mixture containing 0.80 mol of decane and 0.20 mol of octane,what region of the diagram corresponds to vapor?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A phase diagram of temperature versus composition...

Question 11

-What is the approximate boiling temperature of the liquid formed from the condensation of the vapor above a boiling solution that is 0.70 X_A and 0.30 X_B?

Accepted Answer

The boiling temperature of the liquid formed from the condensation of the vapor above a boiling solution can be estimated using Raoult's Law, which states that the vapor pressure of a solution is directly proportional to the mole fraction of the solvent times the vapor pressure of the pure solvent. Given the solution is 0.70 X_A and 0.30 X_B, without specific boiling points or vapor pressures for substances A and B, we can infer that the boiling temperature of the solution would be between the boiling points of pure A and pure B. Assuming A has a lower boiling point and B has a higher one, the temperature of 55°C is a reasonable approximation, suggesting it is closer to the boiling point of A but elevated due to the presence of B.

Question 12

At 80°C,pure liquid A has a vapor pressure of 700 mm Hg and pure liquid B has a vapor pressure of 940 mm Hg.What is X_A for a solution of A and B with a normal boiling point of

Accepted Answer

We can use Raoult's law to calculate the vapor pressure of the solution at 80°C. Raoult's law states that the partial pressure of a component in a solution is equal to the vapor pressure of the pure component multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution. We are given the vapor pressures of pure A and B at 80°C. Let x be the mole fraction of A and (1-x) be the mole fraction of B in the solution. Using Raoult's law, we get: P_total = x * P_A + (1-x) * P_B Where P_total is the vapor pressure of the solution. At the normal boiling point, the vapor pressure of the solution is equal to atmospheric pressure, which is 760 mm Hg. Thus, we can set up the following equation: 760 = x * 700 + (1-x) * 940 Solving for x, we get x=0.25 Therefore, X_A = 0.25, which means that the solution contains 25% A and 75% B. Thus, the best choice is (C).

Question 13

KI does not dissolve well in nonpolar solvents because

Accepted Answer

KI (potassium iodide) is an ionic compound, and its solubility in nonpolar solvents is poor because the ionic (solute-solute) interactions within KI are much stronger than the interactions it can form with nonpolar solvent molecules (solute-solvent interactions) or the interactions among the solvent molecules themselves (solvent-solvent interactions). Nonpolar solvents cannot effectively overcome the strong ionic bonds in KI to dissolve it.

Question 14

A phase diagram of temperature versus composition for a mixture of the two volatile liquids octane (bp =  and decane (bp = 126°C)is shown. 
-Assume that the vapor at point c is condensed and reboiled.What is the boiling point?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A phase diagram of temperature versus composition...

Question 15

Which cation in each set is expected to have the larger (more negative)hydration energy? I.Li⁺ or Na⁺ II.Rb⁺ or Cu²⁺

Accepted Answer

Hydration energy is inversely related to the size of the ion; smaller ions have larger (more negative) hydration energies. Li+ is smaller than Na+, so it has a larger hydration energy. Cu2+ is smaller and has a higher charge than Rb+, leading to a larger hydration energy due to stronger attraction to water molecules.

Question 16

In the process of dissolving ionic compounds,the cations and anions are separated from the crystal lattice and surrounded by an ordered shell of solvent molecules.If the solvent is water,the dissolved ions are said to be

Accepted Answer

When an ionic compound dissolves in water, the water molecules surround the individual ions and form a shell of solvent molecules called a hydration shell. The process of surrounding the ions with water molecules is called hydration. Therefore, the dissolved ions in water are said to be hydrated. Hence, the best choice is D - hydrated.

Question 17

Which cation in each set would be expected to have the larger (more negative)hydration energy? I.Cu⁺or Cu²⁺ II.Li⁺ or NH₄⁺

Accepted Answer

In set I, Cu2+ has a higher charge density than Cu+, so CuS2- ions will be more strongly hydrated than CuS-. Therefore, Cu²⁺ will have a larger hydration energy than Cu⁺. In set II, Li+ is a smaller ion than NH4+, so it has a higher charge density and will be more strongly hydrated. Therefore, Li⁺ will have a larger hydration energy than NH₄⁺.

Question 18

Drawing (1)shows a nonequilibrium system comprised of pure water separated from an aqueous solution by a semipermeable membrane.Shaded spheres represent solute particles and unshaded spheres represent water molecules.Which drawing (2)-(5)represents this system after equilibrium is reached?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Drawing (1)shows a nonequilibrium system comprised of...

Question 19

A phase diagram of temperature versus composition for a mixture of the two volatile liquids octane (bp =  and decane (bp = 126°C)is shown. 
-Assume that you start with a mixture containing 0.80 mol of decane and 0.20 mol of octane,what region of the diagram corresponds to liquid?

Accepted Answer

Region c corresponds to the liquid phase in a phase diagram, where the mixture is entirely in the liquid state.

Question 20

Which is not a solution?

Accepted Answer

Fog is a colloid, not a solution, as it consists of tiny liquid water droplets dispersed in air.

Quiz 12: Solutions and Their Properties

A gold ring is an example of a ________ solution.

A phase diagram of temperature versus composition for a mixture of the two volatile liquids octane (bp = and decane (bp = 126°C) is shown. -Assume that you start with a mixture containing 0.80 mol of decane and 0.20 mol of octane,what is the vapor composition at the boiling point?

A phase diagram of temperature versus composition for a mixture of the two volatile liquids octane (bp = and decane (bp = 126°C) is shown. -Assume that you start with a mixture containing 0.80 mol of decane and 0.20 mol of octane,what is the liquid composition at the boiling point?

Two beakers,one with pure water (light gray) and the other with an aqueous solution of KBr (dark gray) ,are placed in a closed container represented by drawing (a) .Which of the drawings (a) -(d) represents what the beakers will look like after a substantial amount of time has passed?

A phase diagram of temperature versus composition for a mixture of the two volatile liquids octane (bp = and decane (bp = 126°C) is shown. -Assume that the vapor at point c is condensed and reboiled.What is the liquid composition of the condensed vapor prior to reboiling?

A phase diagram of temperature versus composition for a mixture of the two volatile liquids octane (bp = and decane (bp = 126°C) is shown. -Assume that you start with a mixture containing 0.80 mol of decane and 0.20 mol of octane,at what approximate temperature will the mixture begin to boil?

-What is the approximate boiling temperature of a mixture that is 0.70 X_A and 0.30 X_B?

-What is the approximate vapor composition above a boiling solution that is 0.70 X_A and 0.30 X_B?

A phase diagram of temperature versus composition for a mixture of the two volatile liquids octane (bp = and decane (bp = 126°C) is shown. -Assume that the vapor at point c is condensed and reboiled.What is the vapor composition during reboiling?

A phase diagram of temperature versus composition for a mixture of the two volatile liquids octane (bp = and decane (bp = 126°C) is shown. -Assume that you start with a mixture containing 0.80 mol of decane and 0.20 mol of octane,what region of the diagram corresponds to vapor?

-What is the approximate boiling temperature of the liquid formed from the condensation of the vapor above a boiling solution that is 0.70 X_A and 0.30 X_B?

At 80°C,pure liquid A has a vapor pressure of 700 mm Hg and pure liquid B has a vapor pressure of 940 mm Hg.What is X_A for a solution of A and B with a normal boiling point of

KI does not dissolve well in nonpolar solvents because

A phase diagram of temperature versus composition for a mixture of the two volatile liquids octane (bp = and decane (bp = 126°C) is shown. -Assume that the vapor at point c is condensed and reboiled.What is the boiling point?

Which cation in each set is expected to have the larger (more negative) hydration energy? I.Li⁺ or Na⁺ II.Rb⁺ or Cu²⁺

In the process of dissolving ionic compounds,the cations and anions are separated from the crystal lattice and surrounded by an ordered shell of solvent molecules.If the solvent is water,the dissolved ions are said to be

Which cation in each set would be expected to have the larger (more negative) hydration energy? I.Cu⁺or Cu²⁺ II.Li⁺ or NH₄⁺

Drawing (1) shows a nonequilibrium system comprised of pure water separated from an aqueous solution by a semipermeable membrane.Shaded spheres represent solute particles and unshaded spheres represent water molecules.Which drawing (2) -(5) represents this system after equilibrium is reached?

A phase diagram of temperature versus composition for a mixture of the two volatile liquids octane (bp = and decane (bp = 126°C) is shown. -Assume that you start with a mixture containing 0.80 mol of decane and 0.20 mol of octane,what region of the diagram corresponds to liquid?

Which is not a solution?

Quiz 12: Solutions and Their Properties

A gold ring is an example of a ________ solution.

A phase diagram of temperature versus composition for a mixture of the two volatile liquids octane (bp = and decane (bp = 126°C) is shown. -Assume that you start with a mixture containing 0.80 mol of decane and 0.20 mol of octane,what is the vapor composition at the boiling point?

A phase diagram of temperature versus composition for a mixture of the two volatile liquids octane (bp = and decane (bp = 126°C) is shown. -Assume that you start with a mixture containing 0.80 mol of decane and 0.20 mol of octane,what is the liquid composition at the boiling point?

Two beakers,one with pure water (light gray) and the other with an aqueous solution of KBr (dark gray) ,are placed in a closed container represented by drawing (a) .Which of the drawings (a) -(d) represents what the beakers will look like after a substantial amount of time has passed?

A phase diagram of temperature versus composition for a mixture of the two volatile liquids octane (bp = and decane (bp = 126°C) is shown. -Assume that the vapor at point c is condensed and reboiled.What is the liquid composition of the condensed vapor prior to reboiling?

A phase diagram of temperature versus composition for a mixture of the two volatile liquids octane (bp = and decane (bp = 126°C) is shown. -Assume that you start with a mixture containing 0.80 mol of decane and 0.20 mol of octane,at what approximate temperature will the mixture begin to boil?

-What is the approximate boiling temperature of a mixture that is 0.70 XA and 0.30 XB?

-What is the approximate vapor composition above a boiling solution that is 0.70 XA and 0.30 XB?

A phase diagram of temperature versus composition for a mixture of the two volatile liquids octane (bp = and decane (bp = 126°C) is shown. -Assume that the vapor at point c is condensed and reboiled.What is the vapor composition during reboiling?

A phase diagram of temperature versus composition for a mixture of the two volatile liquids octane (bp = and decane (bp = 126°C) is shown. -Assume that you start with a mixture containing 0.80 mol of decane and 0.20 mol of octane,what region of the diagram corresponds to vapor?

-What is the approximate boiling temperature of the liquid formed from the condensation of the vapor above a boiling solution that is 0.70 XA and 0.30 XB?

At 80°C,pure liquid A has a vapor pressure of 700 mm Hg and pure liquid B has a vapor pressure of 940 mm Hg.What is XA for a solution of A and B with a normal boiling point of

KI does not dissolve well in nonpolar solvents because

A phase diagram of temperature versus composition for a mixture of the two volatile liquids octane (bp = and decane (bp = 126°C) is shown. -Assume that the vapor at point c is condensed and reboiled.What is the boiling point?

Which cation in each set is expected to have the larger (more negative) hydration energy? I.Li+ or Na+ II.Rb+ or Cu2+

In the process of dissolving ionic compounds,the cations and anions are separated from the crystal lattice and surrounded by an ordered shell of solvent molecules.If the solvent is water,the dissolved ions are said to be

Which cation in each set would be expected to have the larger (more negative) hydration energy? I.Cu+or Cu2+ II.Li+ or NH4+

Drawing (1) shows a nonequilibrium system comprised of pure water separated from an aqueous solution by a semipermeable membrane.Shaded spheres represent solute particles and unshaded spheres represent water molecules.Which drawing (2) -(5) represents this system after equilibrium is reached?

A phase diagram of temperature versus composition for a mixture of the two volatile liquids octane (bp = and decane (bp = 126°C) is shown. -Assume that you start with a mixture containing 0.80 mol of decane and 0.20 mol of octane,what region of the diagram corresponds to liquid?

Which is not a solution?

-What is the approximate boiling temperature of a mixture that is 0.70 X_A and 0.30 X_B?

-What is the approximate vapor composition above a boiling solution that is 0.70 X_A and 0.30 X_B?

-What is the approximate boiling temperature of the liquid formed from the condensation of the vapor above a boiling solution that is 0.70 X_A and 0.30 X_B?

At 80°C,pure liquid A has a vapor pressure of 700 mm Hg and pure liquid B has a vapor pressure of 940 mm Hg.What is X_A for a solution of A and B with a normal boiling point of

Which cation in each set is expected to have the larger (more negative) hydration energy? I.Li⁺ or Na⁺ II.Rb⁺ or Cu²⁺

Which cation in each set would be expected to have the larger (more negative) hydration energy? I.Cu⁺or Cu²⁺ II.Li⁺ or NH₄⁺