Question 1

A nucleotide is a(an)

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide is a 5'-monophosphate ester of a nucleoside, which consists of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group bonded to the 5' carbon of the sugar. Therefore, choice D is the best choice as it accurately describes the structure of a nucleotide.

Question 2

A region on the DNA strand that carries the information needed for the synthesis of a specific protein is called a

Accepted Answer

A gene on the DNA strand carries the information needed for the synthesis of a specific protein. A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that specifies a particular amino acid to be incorporated into a protein. A chromosome is a structure that contains DNA and genetic information. A complementary base unit refers to the pairing of nucleotides in DNA (A-T and C-G). A chromatid is one of two identical copies of a replicated chromosome.

Question 3

The sugar found in an RNA nucleotide is ________.

Accepted Answer

The sugar found in an RNA nucleotide is D-ribose. Option B is the sugar found in a DNA nucleotide, while options C and D are different types of sugars not commonly found in nucleotides. Therefore, option A is the best choice.

Question 4

Which of the following is a nitrogen base found in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a nitrogen...

Question 5

Which base is normally found in RNA but not in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil is found in RNA but not in DNA. RNA uses uracil instead of thymine to pair with adenine.

Question 6

The purine bases are

Accepted Answer

Purine bases are fused 5 and 6 membered ring systems containing 4 ring nitrogens. Examples include adenine and guanine, which are the purine bases found in DNA and RNA.

Question 7

The chemical combination of ribose and one of the five nitrogen bases results in formation of a

Accepted Answer

A nucleoside is formed by the combination of a sugar (ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) and one of the five nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, or uracil in RNA). A nucleotide, on the other hand, is a nucleoside with one or more phosphate groups attached.

Question 8

DNA is primarily located in what part of the cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA is primarily located in the nucleus of the cell.

Question 9

The most characteristic feature of all the bases found in either DNA or RNA is that

Accepted Answer

The bases in DNA and RNA are nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds, which is a characteristic feature of nucleic acid bases.

Question 10

All of the following are components of nucleotides except

Accepted Answer

Metal ions are not a component of nucleotides. Nucleotides consist of an aldopentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The nitrogenous base can either be a six-membered ring (pyrimidine) or a fused ring system (purine). Metal ions may be involved in stabilizing the structure of nucleic acids, but they are not actually part of the nucleotide itself.

Question 11

A chromosome is a(an)

Accepted Answer

A chromosome is a complex of DNA and histones formed in a cell nucleus before cell division. It carries genetic material in the form of genes and is responsible for the transmission of hereditary traits from one generation to the next.

Question 12

What are the repeating units in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids are composed of repeating units called nucleotides, which consist of a nitrogenous base, a sugar molecule, and a phosphate group.

Question 13

Which base is normally found in DNA but not in RNA?

Accepted Answer

Thymine is unique to DNA and is not found in RNA. RNA instead contains uracil in place of thymine. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer.

Question 14

This question has three parts:
a.Describe the similarities and differences of purines and pyrimidines.
b.List the specific bases in each category that are important in nucleic acids.
c.Describe their interactions in DNA and RNA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of This question has three parts:
a.Describe the similarities...

Question 15

Which of the following is a nucleoside which would be found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Nucleosides are composed of a nitrogenous base and a sugar molecule. In DNA, the nitrogenous bases are adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. Therefore, the only nucleoside on the list that includes one of these bases is deoxyguanosine. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide, not a nucleoside, and it is not found in DNA. UMP and deoxythymidine diphosphate may be nucleotides, but not nucleosides, as they contain a phosphate group. Deoxyribose is a sugar molecule, but it is not a nucleoside as it is not attached to a nitrogenous base.

Question 16

A nucleotide is composed of a ________ with a ________ added to it.

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide is composed of a nucleoside, which is a pentose sugar (a 5-carbon sugar) and a nitrogenous base, with a phosphate group added to it. Hence, the correct choice is D) nucleoside; phosphate group.

Question 17

Chromatin is

Accepted Answer

Chromatin is the material that makes up chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell, composed of DNA and histone proteins.

Question 18

When a β-N-glycosidic bond forms between guanine and deoxyribose,the resulting molecule is called

Accepted Answer

When a β-N-glycosidic bond forms between guanine and deoxyribose, the resulting molecule is called deoxyriboguanosine. The nucleoside contains a deoxyribose sugar molecule, a nitrogenous base (guanine), and a β-N-glycosidic bond that links the two together.

Question 19

Which of the following is a major function of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are primarily responsible for storing and transferring genetic information within cells. This information is then used to synthesize proteins and carry out various biological processes.

Question 20

The pyrimidine bases are

Accepted Answer

Pyrimidine bases are six-membered ring systems containing two ring nitrogens. Examples include cytosine, uracil, and thymine.

Quiz 25: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis