Question 1

What connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava in infants?
A)Ductus venosus
B)Ductus arteriosus
C)Anteriosum
D)Patent ductus arteriosus
E)Superior vena cava

Accepted Answer

The ductus venosus connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava in infants, allowing oxygen and nutrient-rich blood from the placenta to bypass the liver and flow directly into the fetal circulation. In adults, the ductus venosus becomes a ligament known as the ligamentum venosum.

Question 2

How many pairs of pharyngeal arches are there?
A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

CVS is taking cells from where?
A)Amnion
B)Chorion
C)Placenta
D)Umbilical cord
E)Uterus

Accepted Answer

CVS, or Chorionic Villus Sampling, involves taking cells from the chorion, which is a part of the placenta.

Question 4

Which hormone is secreted by nonpregnant women from neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus?
A)GnRH
B)hCG
C)CRH
D)AFP
E)ATP

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which hormone is secreted by nonpregnant women...

Question 5

Which of the following develops from the epiblast and carries a protective fluid?
A)Cytotrophoblast
B)Yolk sac
C)Exocoelomic membrane
D)Amnion
E)Lacunae

Accepted Answer

The amnion develops from the epiblast and surrounds the embryo, creating a fluid-filled cavity known as the amniotic sac. This protective fluid is known as amniotic fluid, which functions to cushion and protect the developing embryo. The other choices are related to different structures of the developing embryo, but they do not carry protective fluid.

Question 6

Each somite may differentiate into a
A)Sertoli cell
B)Dermatome
C)Ovary
D)Myogenic cells
E)Ductus deferens

Accepted Answer

Somites give rise to three different types of tissues - sclerotome, dermatome, and myotome. The dermatome gives rise to the connective tissue, muscle, and dermis of the skin in the back region. Sertoli cells are found in the testes, ovaries give rise to oocytes, the ductus deferens arises from the mesonephric duct, and myogenic cells form the muscles of the body.

Question 7

What exam is performed between 14-16 weeks gestation and is used to detect genetic abnormalities?
A)Sonogram
B)Amniocentesis
C)CVS
D)AFP test
E)CBC

Accepted Answer

The answer of What exam is performed between 14-16 weeks...

Question 8

Involution is
A)When the placenta is expelled
B)When the umbilical cord is cut
C)When the uterus decreases in size
D)When the cervix dilates
E)None of these choices

Accepted Answer

Involution refers to the process in which the uterus returns to its pre-pregnancy size after childbirth. This involves the uterus decreasing in size, as the muscle fibers contract and excess tissue is shed. The expulsion of the placenta (A) and cutting of the umbilical cord (B) occur during delivery, while cervical dilation (D) refers to the opening of the cervix during labor. Therefore, the best choice is C.

Question 9

Which of the following is the portion of the endometrium that lies between the embryo and the stratum basalis?
A)Decidua basalis
B)Decidua capsularis
C)Decidua parietalis
D)Lamina propria
E)Adventitia

Accepted Answer

Decidua basalis is the portion of the endometrium that lies between the embryo and the stratum basalis. This layer is essential for the establishment of the placenta during pregnancy. Decidua capsularis is the portion of the endometrium that surrounds the embryo, and decidua parietalis is the portion that lines the rest of the uterus. Lamina propria and adventitia are not specific layers of the endometrium.

Question 10

Which of the following will become the primary structure for exchange of material between the mother and the fetus?
A)Chorionic villi of the placenta
B)Amnion
C)Amnionic fluid
D)Embryonic disc
E)Endoderm

Accepted Answer

The chorionic villi of the placenta form the interface between the maternal and fetal blood supply, allowing for exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste products. The other choices do not play a significant role in material exchange between the mother and fetus.

Question 11

The fusion of the male pronucleus and the female pronucleus results in which developmental stage?
A)Female pronucleus
B)Male pronucleus
C)Zygote
D)Blastomeres
E)Morula

Accepted Answer

The fusion of the male pronucleus and the female pronucleus results in the formation of a zygote, which is the first developmental stage in sexual reproduction. It is the single cell formed from the fusion of two haploid gametes (sperm and egg) and contains all the genetic material necessary for the new individual that will develop from it.

Question 12

Which of the following is a principle hormone that releases milk into the mammary ducts?
A)Prolactin
B)PIH
C)PRH
D)Oxytocin
E)GnRH

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin is the principle hormone that releases milk into the mammary ducts during breastfeeding. It is released from the pituitary gland in response to suckling or nipple stimulation, causing the smooth muscle cells around the mammary gland to contract and expel milk. Prolactin is responsible for milk production, while PIH and PRH regulate the release of prolactin and GnRH controls the release of reproductive hormones.

Question 13

Labor cannot take place until all of which hormone's effects are diminished?
A)Estrogen
B)Progesterone
C)Testosterone
D)Relaxin
E)Inhibin

Accepted Answer

Progesterone is the hormone that maintains pregnancy and inhibits contractions in the uterus. Labor cannot occur until the effects of progesterone are diminished, which allows other hormones such as oxytocin to stimulate contractions.

Question 14

Which of the following is the connection between the placenta and the embryo?
A)Amnion
B)Chorion
C)Umbilical cord
D)Placenta
E)Capillary beds

Accepted Answer

The umbilical cord is the connection between the placenta and the embryo/fetus. It contains blood vessels that allow nutrients, oxygen, and waste products to be exchanged between the mother and the developing embryo/fetus. The placenta, amnion, chorion, and capillary beds are all involved in this exchange process, but they are not the direct connection between the embryo and the placenta.

Question 15

Which of the following is a series of functional changes that sperm go through when they are in the female reproductive tract?
A)Acrosomal reaction
B)Maturation
C)Fertilization
D)Capacitation
E)Polyspermy

Accepted Answer

Capacitation is a functional change that sperm go through when they are in the female reproductive tract. This process involves the removal of glycoproteins from the surface of the sperm cell and the destabilization of the acrosomal membrane, allowing the sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida and fertilize the egg. The other choices (A, B, C, and E) are also relevant, but they do not represent a complete series of functional changes.

Question 16

Fertilization normally occurs within which structure?
A)Ovary
B)Fallopian tube
C)Ovarian ligament
D)Body of uterus
E)Vagina

Accepted Answer

Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube, specifically in the ampulla region of the tube. The other structures listed are not involved in fertilization.

Question 17

Which of the following is an agent or influence that causes developmental defects in an embryo?
A)Carcinogen
B)Toxin
C)Nicotine
D)Radiation
E)Teratogen

Accepted Answer

The agent or influence that causes developmental defect in an embryo is known as teratogen. Teratogens can be environmental factors like drugs, chemicals, viruses, or radiation that cause abnormal development of the embryo leading to birth defects or malformations. Examples of teratogens include alcohol, tobacco, certain medications, and some infections.

Question 18

Which of the following is the time from the onset of labor to the complete dilation of the cervix?
A)Stage of dilation
B)Stage of expulsion
C)Placental stage
D)Gestation
E)Effacement

Accepted Answer

The stage of dilation, also known as the first stage of labor, is the time from the onset of labor to the complete dilation of the cervix, typically around 10 centimeters. The other options listed are not related to this specific time frame. The stage of expulsion refers to the pushing stage of labor, the placental stage is the third stage of labor when the placenta is delivered, gestation refers to the entire period of fetal development, and effacement is the thinning and shortening of the cervix before dilation.

Question 19

Which of the following is the part of the blastocyst that promotes implantation and produces hCG?
A)Blastocyte
B)Blastosphere
C)Trophoblast
D)Blastocyst cavity
E)Uterine cavity

Accepted Answer

The trophoblast is the outer layer of the blastocyst, which promotes implantation into the uterine wall and produces hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), a hormone that helps maintain the early stages of pregnancy. The other options (A, B, D, and E) are not specifically related to implantation or hCG production.

Question 20

During pregnancy stroke volume can increase by
A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%
E)50%

Accepted Answer

During pregnancy, stroke volume can increase by up to 30%. This increase is due to an increase in blood volume and cardiac output to meet the demands of the growing fetus. However, an increase greater than 30% can indicate a risk for complications such as preeclampsia or gestational hypertension. Therefore, choice C is the best answer.

Quiz 29: Development and Inheritance

What connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava in infants?

How many pairs of pharyngeal arches are there?

CVS is taking cells from where?

Which hormone is secreted by nonpregnant women from neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus?

Which of the following develops from the epiblast and carries a protective fluid?

Each somite may differentiate into a

What exam is performed between 14-16 weeks gestation and is used to detect genetic abnormalities?

Involution is

Which of the following is the portion of the endometrium that lies between the embryo and the stratum basalis?

Which of the following will become the primary structure for exchange of material between the mother and the fetus?

The fusion of the male pronucleus and the female pronucleus results in which developmental stage?

Which of the following is a principle hormone that releases milk into the mammary ducts?

Labor cannot take place until all of which hormone's effects are diminished?

Which of the following is the connection between the placenta and the embryo?

Which of the following is a series of functional changes that sperm go through when they are in the female reproductive tract?

Fertilization normally occurs within which structure?

Which of the following is an agent or influence that causes developmental defects in an embryo?

Which of the following is the time from the onset of labor to the complete dilation of the cervix?

Which of the following is the part of the blastocyst that promotes implantation and produces hCG?

During pregnancy stroke volume can increase by