Question 1

Science greatly advanced when Galileo favored
A)philosophical discussions.
B)experiment.
C)non-mathematical thinking.
D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

Galileo's emphasis on experimentation and observation, rather than reliance on philosophical and abstract reasoning, greatly advanced the development of modern science.

Question 2

Galileo's demonstration at the Leaning Tower of Pisa
A)confirmed Aristotle's teachings.
B)refuted Aristotle's teachings.
C)failed in their purpose.
D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

Galileo's demonstration of dropping two objects of different masses from the Leaning Tower of Pisa proved that both objects fell at the same rate, contrary to Aristotle's teachings that heavier objects fall faster than lighter ones. Therefore, this demonstration refuted Aristotle's teachings.

Question 3

A 1-kg mass at Earth's surface weighs about
A)1 N.
B)5 N.
C)10 N.
D)12 N.
E)none of the above

Accepted Answer

The weight of an object is equal to the force of gravity acting on it. The force of gravity on Earth is approximately 9.8 m/s^2. Therefore, the weight of a 1-kg mass on Earth's surface would be 1 kg x 9.8 m/s^2 = 9.8 N. Rounded to the nearest whole number, this is 10 N.

Question 4

In contrast to Aristotle's way of explaining nature, Galileo relied on
A)experiment.
B)logic.
C)patterns.
D)mathematics.

Accepted Answer

Galileo revolutionized the study of nature by relying heavily on experimentation, rather than relying solely on logic or patterns, as Aristotle had done. Galileo believed that by observing and experimenting with natural phenomena, he could better understand the underlying principles governing the physical world. He is often credited with being the founder of the scientific method, which relies on empirical observations and testing of hypotheses. Galileo also used mathematics extensively to help explain and predict the behavior of natural phenomena.

Question 5

An object that has twice as much mass as another object also has twice as much
A)inertia.
B)velocity.
C)gravitational acceleration.
D)volume.
E)all of the above

Accepted Answer

Inertia is the resistance of an object to a change in its state of motion, and it is directly proportional to an object's mass. Therefore, if an object has twice as much mass as another object, it will have twice as much inertia. Velocity, gravitational acceleration, and volume are not directly proportional to an object's mass.

Question 6

Aristotle treated motion by
A)comparing the distance traveled with the time of travel.
B)measurements of distance travelled.
C)classifying it into two classes.
D)all of the above

Accepted Answer

Aristotle classified motion into two types: natural motion and violent motion. He did not use precise measurements or calculations to analyze motion.

Question 7

Which has the greatest mass?
A)king-size pillow
B)a scrunched up king-size pillow
C)automobile battery
D)all about the same

Accepted Answer

The automobile battery has the greatest mass compared to the other options listed.

Question 8

According to Galileo, the test of scientific truth is
A)experiment.
B)philosophical discussion.
C)finding patterns in nature.
D)logic.

Accepted Answer

According to Galileo, the test of scientific truth is experimentation, which involves the systematic and controlled observation or manipulation of phenomena in order to test hypotheses or theories. This is a fundamental aspect of the scientific method and distinguishes science from other forms of inquiry, such as philosophy or logic. While philosophical discussion and logical reasoning can contribute to scientific inquiry, they are not sufficient for establishing scientific truth without empirical evidence to support them. Finding patterns in nature is also an important aspect of scientific inquiry, but this alone is not enough to establish scientific truth without rigorous testing through experiment. Therefore, the best choice is A) experiment.

Question 9

Compared with a 1-kg block of solid iron, a 2-kg block of solid iron has twice as much
A)inertia.
B)mass.
C)volume.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared with a 1-kg block of solid...

Question 10

A kilogram is a measure of an object's
A)weight.
B)force.
C)mass.
D)gravity.

Accepted Answer

A kilogram is a unit of mass, not weight or force. Mass is the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the force exerted on an object due to gravity.

Question 11

Galileo said that if you rolled a ball along a level surface it would
A)slow down due to its natural tendency to come to rest.
B)keep rolling without slowing down if no friction acted upon it.
C)roll as long as its inertia nudged it along.
D)roll in the opposite direction.

Accepted Answer

Galileo's first law of motion states that an object in motion will remain in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by a force. In the absence of friction, the ball will keep rolling without slowing down.

Question 12

Compared with a 1-kg block of solid iron, a 2-kg block of solid iron has the same
A)mass.
B)volume.
C)weight.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Accepted Answer

A 2-kg block of solid iron has twice the mass of a 1-kg block, resulting in a different volume and weight due to the increased mass.

Question 13

When Galileo rolled a ball down an incline and up another incline, he found that the ball rolled nearly to
A)its initial height.
B)halfway its original height.
C)three quarters its original height.
D)higher than its original height.

Accepted Answer

This is because of the principle of conservation of energy. The potential energy of the ball at the top of the first incline is converted to kinetic energy as it rolls down the incline. At the bottom of the first incline, the ball has maximum kinetic energy and no potential energy. As it rolls up the second incline, the kinetic energy is gradually converted back into potential energy until it reaches the same height as its initial position. Therefore, the ball rolls nearly to its initial height.

Question 14

Compared with the mass of a certain object on Earth, the mass of the same object on the Moon is
A)less.
B)more.
C)the same.

Accepted Answer

Mass is an intrinsic property of an object and does not change regardless of location, so the mass of the object remains the same on the Moon as it is on Earth.

Question 15

You would have the largest mass of gold if it weighed 1 N on the
A)Moon.
B)Earth.
C)both the same

Accepted Answer

The weight of an object on a celestial body depends on the gravitational force experienced by the object. Since the gravitational force on the Moon is about 1/6th that of the Earth, an object would weigh 6 times less on the Moon than on the Earth. Therefore, to have the same weight of 1 N, the mass of the gold would have to be 6 times more on the Moon. Therefore, it would have the largest mass on the Moon.

Question 16

Your weight is
A)another word for your mass.
B)the gravitational attraction between you and Earth.
C)a property of mechanical equilibrium.
D)the same in all locations.

Accepted Answer

Weight is defined as the force due to gravity acting on an object, which is the gravitational attraction between the object (in this case, you) and Earth. This force varies depending on the location (for example, it would be different on the Moon compared to Earth), making B the correct choice. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because weight and mass are different concepts (mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object and does not change with location), weight is not a property of mechanical equilibrium, and weight does indeed vary in different locations due to changes in gravitational pull.

Question 17

According to Galileo, inertia is a
A)force like any other force.
B)special kind of force.
C)property of all matter.
D)concept opposite to force.

Accepted Answer

According to Galileo, inertia is a property of all matter that resists changes in motion. It is not considered a force.

Question 18

An object weighs 30 N on Earth. A second object weighs 30 N on the Moon. The object with the greater mass is the one on
A)Earth.
B)the Moon.
C)same for each.
D)not enough information

Accepted Answer

The gravitational force on the Moon is about 1/6th that of Earth's. Therefore, an object weighing 30 N on the Moon has a greater mass than one weighing 30 N on Earth.

Question 19

Aristotle believed that natural laws could be understood by
A)experiment.
B)logic.
C)patterns.
D)mathematics.

Accepted Answer

Aristotle believed that natural laws could be understood through logic and reasoning. He saw the world as being orderly and predictable, and believed that by using logic and observation it was possible to uncover the underlying patterns and principles that governed the natural world. While he did recognize the importance of experimentation and observation, he believed that these methods were only useful insofar as they helped to confirm or test the conclusions that could be arrived at through logical reasoning. He did not believe that mathematics was necessary for understanding natural laws, although he did recognize its importance in other areas of inquiry.

Question 20

The scientist to first introduce the concept of inertia was
A)Aristotle.
B)Galileo.
C)Newton.
D)Copernicus.

Accepted Answer

Galileo was the scientist who introduced the concept of inertia in his law of motion, which states that an object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will remain in motion with a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force.

Quiz 1: Patterns of Motion and Equilibrium

Science greatly advanced when Galileo favored

Galileo's demonstration at the Leaning Tower of Pisa

A 1-kg mass at Earth's surface weighs about

In contrast to Aristotle's way of explaining nature, Galileo relied on

An object that has twice as much mass as another object also has twice as much

Aristotle treated motion by

Which has the greatest mass?

According to Galileo, the test of scientific truth is

Compared with a 1-kg block of solid iron, a 2-kg block of solid iron has twice as much

A kilogram is a measure of an object's

Galileo said that if you rolled a ball along a level surface it would

Compared with a 1-kg block of solid iron, a 2-kg block of solid iron has the same

When Galileo rolled a ball down an incline and up another incline, he found that the ball rolled nearly to

Compared with the mass of a certain object on Earth, the mass of the same object on the Moon is

You would have the largest mass of gold if it weighed 1 N on the

Your weight is

According to Galileo, inertia is a

An object weighs 30 N on Earth. A second object weighs 30 N on the Moon. The object with the greater mass is the one on

Aristotle believed that natural laws could be understood by

The scientist to first introduce the concept of inertia was