Question 1

To what should all spirometric values obtained under ambient conditions be converted?

Accepted Answer

Spirometric values should be converted to body temperature, ambient pressure, saturated (BTPS) to account for the conditions within the human body, ensuring accurate physiological relevance.

Question 2

In which of the following conditions is total lung capacity (TLC) always reduced?

Accepted Answer

Restrictive lung disease is characterized by a reduction in lung volume and TLC is always reduced in this condition. Obstructive lung disease, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by difficulty exhaling air and may or may not result in a reduction in TLC depending on the severity of the disease. Combined restrictive and obstructive disease may result in a reduction in TLC, but it is not always the case. Acute airway obstruction may also result in a reduction in TLC, but it is a temporary condition and not a chronic lung disease.

Question 3

Under which of the following conditions would you postpone a diffusing capacity test?
I.	Just before the test, the patient smoked two cigarettes.
II.	Just before the test, the patient had an episode of severe coughing.
III.	Just before the test, the patient had a long wait at a busy bus stop.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Under which of the following conditions would...

Question 4

What percent of the total lung capacity (TLC) does the residual volume (RV) normally represent?

Accepted Answer

Residual Volume (RV) is the volume of gas remaining in the lungs after maximal expiration, and it makes up approximately 20% of the Total Lung Capacity (TLC). Therefore, the correct answer is B, which is 20%.

Question 5

During a helium (He) dilution functional residual capacity (FRC) measurement, the technologist first bleeds in 500 ml of He (He Vol) and obtains an initial reading of 4.0% (FiHe). After equilibration, the second He reading is 3.2% (FfHe). What is the patient's FRC?

Accepted Answer

If the patient is connected to the circuit at the resting level, the FRC can be calculated with the following equation: FRC = (vol He ÷ FiHe) F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 [(FiHe - FfHe) ÷ FfHe].

Question 6

When used to determine functional residual capacity, the body plethysmograph operates on which of the following physical principles?

Accepted Answer

The body plethysmograph operates on Boyle's law, which states that at a constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted on it. By measuring the change in pressure and volume of the gas within the plethysmograph, the functional residual capacity (FRC) of the lungs can be calculated.

Question 7

What is the gas normally used to measure the diffusing capacity of the lung?

Accepted Answer

The gas normally used to measure the diffusing capacity of the lung is Carbon Monoxide (CO). This is because CO is readily taken up by the hemoglobin in the blood, allowing for efficient transfer and diffusion across the alveolar-capillary membrane. Options A and C are incorrect as they are not actual gases used in this test, while option D (Helium) can be used for lung function tests but not for the measurement of diffusing capacity.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is TRUE when comparing the pulmonary function test results of men versus women?

Accepted Answer

Males have larger predicted volumes when corrected for height, as they generally have larger lung volumes due to their larger size and higher muscle mass compared to females. Correction for weight or age is not necessary, as these factors do not drastically affect lung function. Height is the most important factor to consider when predicting lung volumes.

Question 9

What is the predicted normal tidal volume in the adult patient?

Accepted Answer

The predicted normal tidal volume in an adult patient is in the range of 500 to 700 ml. This means that during quiet breathing, a healthy adult inhales and exhales between 500 to 700 ml of air per breath. Choice A and D have partially correct ranges but they don't match the exact predicted normal tidal volume range. Choice B is too narrow in its range, excluding possible normal values.

Question 10

How reliable is the tidal volume measurement in predicting the type of lung disease present?

Accepted Answer

Tidal volume is a measure of the amount of air that is moved in and out of the lungs during normal breathing. While tidal volume can provide information about lung function, it is not a specific enough measurement to reliably predict the type of lung disease present. Other tests, such as spirometry and imaging studies, are necessary for a more accurate diagnosis.

Question 11

Toward the end of a nitrogen washout test for functional residual capacity, the expired concentration of N₂begins rising. What does this probably indicate?

Accepted Answer

A rising expired concentration of nitrogen toward the end of a nitrogen washout test usually indicates a leak in the system, as the test is based on washing out nitrogen from the lungs using a different gas (usually oxygen), and any increase in nitrogen concentration suggests external nitrogen is entering the system.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is TRUE about inspiratory capacity (IC)?
I.	It is reduced in restrictive lung diseases.
II.	It may be reduced in obstructive lung diseases.
III.	It may help determine the type of lung expansion therapy to apply.

Accepted Answer

Inspiratory capacity (IC) is a measure of how much air a person can breathe in after a normal exhale. It is reduced in restrictive lung diseases like pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis due to reduced lung compliance. It may also be reduced in obstructive lung diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to bronchial narrowing and air trapping. IC may help determine the type of lung expansion therapy to apply, such as inspiratory muscle training, incentive spirometry, and positive airway pressure. Therefore, all the given statements about IC are true.

Question 13

Which of the following are true statements related to the volume of tissue nitrogen excreted during the N₂ washout test for measuring functional residual capacity (FRC)? I. It is not a factor. II. It varies with the length of the test. III. It varies with the weight of the patient. IV. It cannot be correct for.

Accepted Answer

II and III are true because the volume of tissue nitrogen excreted can vary with the duration of the test and is influenced by the patient's weight, affecting the measurement of functional residual capacity.

Question 14

In both the helium dilution test and nitrogen washout functional residual capacity (FRC) determinations, at what point should the patient normally be connected to the system to begin the test?

Accepted Answer

In both the helium dilution and nitrogen washout methods, the patient should be connected to the system at resting expiration. This is because at the end of expiration, the lungs contain the functional residual capacity (FRC), which is the volume of air left in the lungs after a normal expiration. By starting the test at resting expiration, we can measure the FRC accurately. Connecting the patient at full forced inspiration or expiration would not give accurate results.

Question 15

What is the normal average inspiratory capacity (IC)?

Accepted Answer

The normal average inspiratory capacity (IC) is approximately 3600 ml, which is the sum of tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume.

Question 16

A patient has a vital capacity of 4200 ml, a functional residual capacity (FRC) of 3300 ml, and an expiratory reserve volume (ERV) of 1500 ml. What is the residual volume (RV)?

Accepted Answer

The residual volume (RV) can be calculated by subtracting the expiratory reserve volume (ERV) from the functional residual capacity (FRC). Given ERV = 1500 ml and FRC = 3300 ml, RV = FRC - ERV = 3300 ml - 1500 ml = 1800 ml.

Question 17

During a helium dilution test for functional residual capacity, you notice that it takes 19 minutes for equilibration between the gas concentrations in the spirometer and the patient's lungs. Based on this information, what can you conclude?

Accepted Answer

The prolonged time for equilibration suggests an obstruction in the airways, making it difficult for the helium to evenly distribute throughout the lungs, indicative of obstructive lung disease.

Question 18

What is the normal predicted vital capacity (VC) measurement in the adult patient?

Accepted Answer

The normal predicted VC measurement for the adult patient is 4800 ml (4.8 L). Therefore, the best choice is B as it matches the normal predicted value. Choices A, C, and D are higher than the normal predicted value and are not considered normal.

Question 19

What causes the residual volume (RV) and functional residual capacity (FRC) to increase?

Accepted Answer

Chronic obstructive lung disease, such as emphysema, can cause an increase in residual volume (RV) and functional residual capacity (FRC) due to trapped air in the lungs. This is a result of damage to the air sacs and the airways, causing air to become trapped and unable to be exhaled fully.

Question 20

What is the normal predicted total lung capacity (TLC) for adults?

Accepted Answer

The normal predicted total lung capacity (TLC) for adults is about 6 L.

Quiz 19: Pulmonary Function Testing

To what should all spirometric values obtained under ambient conditions be converted?

In which of the following conditions is total lung capacity (TLC) always reduced?

Under which of the following conditions would you postpone a diffusing capacity test? I. Just before the test, the patient smoked two cigarettes. II. Just before the test, the patient had an episode of severe coughing. III. Just before the test, the patient had a long wait at a busy bus stop.

What percent of the total lung capacity (TLC) does the residual volume (RV) normally represent?

During a helium (He) dilution functional residual capacity (FRC) measurement, the technologist first bleeds in 500 ml of He (He Vol) and obtains an initial reading of 4.0% (FiHe) . After equilibration, the second He reading is 3.2% (FfHe) . What is the patient's FRC?

When used to determine functional residual capacity, the body plethysmograph operates on which of the following physical principles?

What is the gas normally used to measure the diffusing capacity of the lung?

Which of the following statements is TRUE when comparing the pulmonary function test results of men versus women?

What is the predicted normal tidal volume in the adult patient?

How reliable is the tidal volume measurement in predicting the type of lung disease present?

Toward the end of a nitrogen washout test for functional residual capacity, the expired concentration of N₂begins rising. What does this probably indicate?

Which of the following statements is TRUE about inspiratory capacity (IC) ? I. It is reduced in restrictive lung diseases. II. It may be reduced in obstructive lung diseases. III. It may help determine the type of lung expansion therapy to apply.

In both the helium dilution test and nitrogen washout functional residual capacity (FRC) determinations, at what point should the patient normally be connected to the system to begin the test?

What is the normal average inspiratory capacity (IC) ?

A patient has a vital capacity of 4200 ml, a functional residual capacity (FRC) of 3300 ml, and an expiratory reserve volume (ERV) of 1500 ml. What is the residual volume (RV) ?

During a helium dilution test for functional residual capacity, you notice that it takes 19 minutes for equilibration between the gas concentrations in the spirometer and the patient's lungs. Based on this information, what can you conclude?

What is the normal predicted vital capacity (VC) measurement in the adult patient?

What causes the residual volume (RV) and functional residual capacity (FRC) to increase?

What is the normal predicted total lung capacity (TLC) for adults?

Quiz 19: Pulmonary Function Testing

To what should all spirometric values obtained under ambient conditions be converted?

In which of the following conditions is total lung capacity (TLC) always reduced?

Under which of the following conditions would you postpone a diffusing capacity test? I. Just before the test, the patient smoked two cigarettes. II. Just before the test, the patient had an episode of severe coughing. III. Just before the test, the patient had a long wait at a busy bus stop.

What percent of the total lung capacity (TLC) does the residual volume (RV) normally represent?

During a helium (He) dilution functional residual capacity (FRC) measurement, the technologist first bleeds in 500 ml of He (He Vol) and obtains an initial reading of 4.0% (FiHe) . After equilibration, the second He reading is 3.2% (FfHe) . What is the patient's FRC?

When used to determine functional residual capacity, the body plethysmograph operates on which of the following physical principles?

What is the gas normally used to measure the diffusing capacity of the lung?

Which of the following statements is TRUE when comparing the pulmonary function test results of men versus women?

What is the predicted normal tidal volume in the adult patient?

How reliable is the tidal volume measurement in predicting the type of lung disease present?

Toward the end of a nitrogen washout test for functional residual capacity, the expired concentration of N2 begins rising. What does this probably indicate?

Which of the following statements is TRUE about inspiratory capacity (IC) ? I. It is reduced in restrictive lung diseases. II. It may be reduced in obstructive lung diseases. III. It may help determine the type of lung expansion therapy to apply.

In both the helium dilution test and nitrogen washout functional residual capacity (FRC) determinations, at what point should the patient normally be connected to the system to begin the test?

What is the normal average inspiratory capacity (IC) ?

A patient has a vital capacity of 4200 ml, a functional residual capacity (FRC) of 3300 ml, and an expiratory reserve volume (ERV) of 1500 ml. What is the residual volume (RV) ?

During a helium dilution test for functional residual capacity, you notice that it takes 19 minutes for equilibration between the gas concentrations in the spirometer and the patient's lungs. Based on this information, what can you conclude?

What is the normal predicted vital capacity (VC) measurement in the adult patient?

What causes the residual volume (RV) and functional residual capacity (FRC) to increase?

What is the normal predicted total lung capacity (TLC) for adults?

Toward the end of a nitrogen washout test for functional residual capacity, the expired concentration of N₂begins rising. What does this probably indicate?