Question 1

During properly performed external chest compression on infants, how should the middle and index fingers be positioned?

Accepted Answer

The correct position for external chest compressions on infants is in the middle of an imaginary line across the chest connecting the nipples, ensuring effective compression over the heart.

Question 2

What complications are associated with external chest compressions?
I.worsening of neck or spine injuries
II.gastric insufflation
III.vomiting
IV.trauma to internal organs

Accepted Answer

External chest compressions can lead to various complications, including worsening of neck or spine injuries, gastric insufflation, vomiting, and trauma to internal organs. These are all recognized risks associated with the procedure, especially when performed with significant force or for an extended period.

Question 3

During two-person CPR applied to an adult, what is the proper ratio of compressions to ventilation?

Accepted Answer

The proper ratio of compressions to ventilation during two-person CPR applied to an adult is 30 compressions for every two breaths. This provides adequate circulation and oxygenation to the victim's body.

Question 4

What is the proper rate of external chest compressions for infants?

Accepted Answer

Compress the sternum approximately 01.5 in at a rate of at least 100/min.

Question 5

After successful resuscitation, the heart rate of neonate being ventilated with 100% oxygen drops to 50/min. What should you do now?

Accepted Answer

A heart rate of 50/min in a neonate is considered bradycardia and requires immediate intervention. The appropriate action is to begin external chest compressions at a rate of 120 or more per minute.

Question 6

What is the best way to avoid gastric distention during artificial ventilation?

Accepted Answer

Using inspiratory breaths with low to moderate flows can help avoid gastric distention during artificial ventilation as it allows for a slower and more controlled delivery of air into the lungs, reducing the amount of air that enters the stomach. Hyperextending the neck before each artificial breath, applying pressure over the cricoid during inspiration, and constant pressure to the lower abdomen are not recommended techniques for avoiding gastric distention and can potentially cause harm to the patient.

Question 7

What is the major complication associated with manual removal of foreign material from the airway?

Accepted Answer

Manual removal of foreign material from the airway can increase the risk of forcing the object deeper into the airway, which can cause further respiratory obstruction and potentially lead to respiratory arrest. It is important to approach foreign body removal with caution and consider using techniques such as suctioning or bronchoscopy to minimize this risk.

Question 8

What is the proper rate of external chest compressions for children up to puberty?

Accepted Answer

The proper rate of external chest compressions for children up to puberty is 100/min.

Question 9

During properly performed external chest compression on children under 8 years old or on large toddlers, how much should the sternum be compressed?

Accepted Answer

For children under 8 years old or large toddlers, the recommended depth of chest compression during CPR is 1.0 to 1.5 inches. This ensures effective circulation while minimizing the risk of injury.

Question 10

What is the proper ratio of external chest compressions to ventilation for neonates?

Accepted Answer

The proper ratio of external chest compressions to ventilation for neonates is 3:1. This means 3 chest compressions followed by 1 ventilation.

Question 11

What is the best way to increase CPR survival rates in the field?

Accepted Answer

Providing early defibrillation is the most effective way to increase CPR survival rates in the field. Every minute that passes between cardiac arrest and defibrillation reduces the chance of survival by approximately 10%. Therefore, it is important to have defibrillators readily available and to use them as soon as possible to improve the chances of survival. Intravenous access, getting the patient to a hospital, and intubating the patient may also be necessary but are not as critical as early defibrillation in increasing survival rates.

Question 12

During single-rescuer adult CPR, what is the proper ratio of compressions to ventilation?

Accepted Answer

The proper ratio of compressions to ventilation during single-rescuer adult CPR is 30 compressions for every two breaths.

Question 13

The automatic external defibrillator will indicate that a shock is needed if it detects which of the following rhythms:
I.bradycardia
II.atrial fibrillation
III.ventricular fibrillation
IV.ventricular tachycardia

Accepted Answer

The automatic external defibrillator (AED) is designed to detect and treat life-threatening arrhythmias. AEDs will administer a shock to the patient's heart only if the device detects ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia, as these are potentially lethal rhythms that require immediate treatment. AEDs are not effective in treating bradycardia or atrial fibrillation.

Question 14

Which of the following are legitimate reasons for discontinuing basic life support measures?
I.if spontaneous breathing and a palpable pulse return
II.if a physician pronounces the arrest victim dead
III.if advanced life support measures become available

Accepted Answer

Basic life support measures can be discontinued if spontaneous breathing and a palpable pulse return, indicating the patient may no longer need such interventions; if a physician officially pronounces the patient dead, as further resuscitation efforts would be futile; or if advanced life support measures become available, which are more appropriate for the patient's condition and can potentially offer a higher level of care.

Question 15

During properly performed external chest compression on infants, how much should the sternum be compressed?

Accepted Answer

During properly performed external chest compression on infants, the sternum should be compressed by 0.5 to 1.0 inch. Compression depth that exceeds this range can cause harm to the infant's delicate chest.

Question 16

During CPR, how can you judge if ventilation is effective?

Accepted Answer

Observing the patient's chest rise and fall is the best way to judge if ventilation is effective during CPR. If the chest rises and falls with each breath then it is a sign that air is being effectively delivered to the lungs.

Question 17

Which of the following statements are true about adult external cardiac compression?

Accepted Answer

The compression time should at least equal the upstroke phase to ensure adequate blood flow during CPR. The other statements are incorrect: compressions should displace the sternum about 2 inches, occur at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute, and interruptions should be minimized to less than 10 seconds.

Question 18

To help open the airway of a conscious adult with complete airway obstruction, what would you do?

Accepted Answer

For adults and children, the procedure for health care providers for clearing a foreign body is the abdominal thrust.

Question 19

During single-rescuer CPR applied to infants or children, what is the proper ratio of compressions to ventilation?

Accepted Answer

The proper ratio of compressions to ventilation during single-rescuer CPR applied to infants or children is 30 compressions for every two breaths. This ratio should be maintained regardless of the patients age as well.

Question 20

How long will the apneic patient take to die without intervention?

Accepted Answer

An apneic patient, who is not breathing, will typically suffer irreversible brain damage or death within 4 to 6 minutes due to lack of oxygen.

Quiz 34: Emergency Cardiovascular Life Support