Question 1

Which will satisfy your hunger for a longer period of time?

Accepted Answer

Spaghetti has a lower glycemic index which means it is digested and absorbed more slowly, leading to a longer feeling of fullness and satisfaction.

Question 2

Peanut butter has more protein per gram than a hard-boiled egg, and yet the egg represents a better source of protein. Why?

Accepted Answer

While both peanut butter and hard-boiled eggs contain protein, the protein in eggs has a better balance of essential amino acids, which are necessary for building and repairing tissues in the body. Peanut butter, on the other hand, does not have as good of an amino acid profile.

Question 3

The human body stores excess glucose as glycogen and excess fat as fatty tissue that can accumulate beneath the skin. How does the body store any excess amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Excess amino acids can be converted into muscle tissue, collagen, or keratin. The body does not have a specific storage system for amino acids like it does for glucose and fat. Instead, amino acids are used to build and repair tissues in the body, or they can be broken down and used for energy production. Any excess amino acids that are not needed for these purposes are excreted in the urine.

Question 4

Cold cereal is often fortified with all sorts of vitamins and minerals but is deficient in the amino acid lysine. How might this deficiency be compensated for?

Accepted Answer

Both peanut butter and beans are good sources of lysine, while milk provides some lysine as well as other important nutrients. Consuming all three options can help compensate for the lysine deficiency in cold cereal.

Question 5

Suggest why the glycemic index for sucrose is only about 64 percent that of glucose.

Accepted Answer

Sucrose is a disaccharide consisting of glucose and fructose units. When sucrose is consumed, it must first be broken down into its component sugars, which takes time and decreases the speed at which it raises blood glucose levels. Glucose, on the other hand, is a simple sugar that is easily absorbed and rapidly raises blood glucose levels. Therefore, sucrose has a lower glycemic index than glucose.

Question 6

What is the role of soluble fiber in a well-balanced diet?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the role of soluble fiber...

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true about fats in the diet?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats are used to make cholesterol, which can contribute to buildup in the arteries and increase the risk of heart disease. None of the other statements are true. Unsaturated fats can actually help lower LDL levels and can be a healthier choice in moderation.

Question 8

A friend of yours loads up on vitamin C once a week instead of spacing it out over time. She argues the convenience of not having to take pills every day. What advice do you have for her?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C is water soluble, meaning that the body does not store it and excess amounts are excreted in the urine. Therefore, taking a large dose once a week instead of smaller doses throughout the week will not provide any additional benefit and may even be wasteful.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true about metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Metabolism involves both the breakdown (destruction) and synthesis (production) of biomolecules, as well as the production of energy through cellular respiration. Therefore, all of the above statements are true about metabolism.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about proteins is true?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements about proteins...

Question 11

What is the main compound formed in the digestion of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is the main compound formed in the digestion of carbohydrates. This is because carbohydrates are broken down into their monosaccharide units, and glucose is the primary monosaccharide unit in most carbohydrates.

Question 12

Cellular respiration produces the same products as ________.

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration produces ATP, carbon dioxide, and water, which are the same products produced by a campfire. Choice A is incorrect because catabolism is the process of breaking down molecules and can produce a variety of different products depending on the specific metabolic pathway. Choice B is incorrect because anabolism is the process of building molecules and would produce different products than cellular respiration. Choice C is incorrect because nucleic acids are not involved in cellular respiration.

Question 13

Suggest why starch takes longer to break down to glucose in the intestine than does sucrose.

Accepted Answer

Starch is a polysaccharide made up of many glucose units linked together in long chains. During digestion, enzymes break down the starch molecule by splitting off glucose units from the ends of the chain. In contrast, sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose, which can be easily broken down by digestive enzymes. Therefore, the process of breaking down starch into glucose takes longer than breaking down sucrose.

Question 14

Which statement is more accurate? 
a. Vitamins are needed by the body to avoid vitamin-deficiency diseases, such as scurvy.
b.Vitamins are needed by the body so that many of its catabolic and anabolic reactions can proceed efficiently.

Accepted Answer

Statement b is more accurate because it encompasses a broader understanding of the role of vitamins in the body, highlighting their essential function in both catabolic and anabolic reactions, beyond just preventing deficiency diseases.

Question 15

The general outcome of catabolism is ________.

Accepted Answer

Catabolism is the breakdown of biomolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids into simpler molecules, releasing energy in the process. Therefore, the general outcome of catabolism is the tearing down of biomolecules.

Question 16

The general outcome of anabolism is ________.

Accepted Answer

Anabolism is a metabolic process in which the body builds biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Therefore, the general outcome of anabolism is the building of biomolecules.

Question 17

Mammals cannot produce polyunsaturated fatty acids. How is it then that the lard obtained from beef fat contains up to 10 percent polyunsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

The polyunsaturated fatty acids in lard obtained from beef fat likely come from the cow's vegetarian diet, which may include plants that contain these types of fats. Mammals are not capable of producing these fats themselves, so they must obtain them from their diet.

Question 18

Metabolism includes ________.

Accepted Answer

Metabolism includes all three processes - catabolism, anabolism, and cellular respiration. Catabolism breaks down complex molecules to release energy, anabolism builds complex molecules from simple ones using energy, and cellular respiration converts nutrients into ATP, the energy currency of cells.

Quiz 13: Nutrients of Life