Question 1

Espionage is more commonly known as ______.

Accepted Answer

Espionage refers to spying and gathering confidential information without permission or authorization. It is a violation of national security and is often considered a criminal offense.

Question 2

Crime by government is also called _____.

Accepted Answer

Crime by government is also called state-crime. This involves illegal acts committed by government agents or agencies, such as torture, genocide, and war crimes. It is distinct from ordinary crime that involves individual offenders.

Question 3

Individuals and groups often commit terrorism and other _____ to change the status quo.

Accepted Answer

Political violence is typically committed by individuals and groups with the intention of changing the current power structure or political system. This can include acts of terrorism, such as bombings or targeted assassinations, as well as non-violent tactics like protests or civil disobedience. Secular violence refers to violence that is not based on religious beliefs, while popular violence and sectarian violence refer to different types of group-based violence that may be motivated by different factors.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes civil disobedience?

Accepted Answer

Civil disobedience involves the intentional violation of a law or rule for reasons of conscience, usually done in a nonviolent and public way. It is a peaceful form of protest against an unjust law or system. It is not a violation committed by corporations or associated with serious violence such as murders. The legality of civil disobedience can vary depending on the specific context and actions taken.

Question 5

Governments often resort to political violence that stops short of genocide.This violence includes torture and beatings; assassination,execution,and mass murder; and related actions,including forced expulsion.This is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

State terror refers to the use of violence and repression by a government or state against its own citizens, often as a means of maintaining control or suppressing opposition. This can include torture, assassination, mass murder, and forced expulsion, among other tactics.

Question 6

Sometimes,government agencies and corporations cooperate to commit illegal or socially harmful activities.Such _____ represents the intersection of corporate crime and crime by government.

Accepted Answer

State-corporate crime refers to the collusion between government agencies and corporations to engage in illegal or harmful activities, which can have serious consequences for society. Examples of state-corporate crime include environmental pollution, financial fraud, and human rights violations. The other options (A, B, and C) do not accurately describe this phenomenon.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of genocide?

Accepted Answer

The holocaust is considered one of the most well-known examples of genocide, in which an estimated 6 million Jews were systematically murdered by Nazi Germany during World War II. The other options listed are not examples of genocide; Darfur was a conflict involving violence against a specific ethnic group, the death of MLK was assassination and not part of a larger government-led campaign, and the Civil War was a military conflict between two sides, not a deliberate attempt to eliminate a particular group.

Question 8

One cornerstone of democracy is:

Accepted Answer

Freedom of movement and lawful dissent are essential to a democratic society. Citizens must have the ability to express themselves, assemble peacefully, and critique their government without fear of repression. Without these rights, democracies can easily devolve into autocracies. The other options listed are not indicative of a democratic system.

Question 9

The FBI took part in a counterintelligence program called _____,begun in 1941 to target the Communist and Socialist Workers parties.

Accepted Answer

The counterintelligence program described in the question is widely known as COINTELPRO (Counter Intelligence Program) and was initiated by the FBI in 1941 to neutralize political dissidents and organizations deemed as subversive, including the Communist and Socialist Workers parties. INTERPOL (International Criminal Police Organization) is a global policing agency that facilitates international law enforcement cooperation. UNGHC and WNASA are not known or relevant acronyms.

Question 10

Which of the following aims to change the existing order and includes such actions as terrorism,assassination,and other political violence?

Accepted Answer

The term "Crimes against government" refers to actions that aim to overthrow or subvert an existing political order, including acts of terrorism, assassination, and political violence. This is distinct from crimes against humanity, which are actions that target individuals or groups based on their race, ethnicity, religion, or other protected status. Crimes against history and institutions are not directly related to political violence or attempts to change the existing order.

Question 11

A related form of political violence is political _____,or the murder of public figures for political reasons.

Accepted Answer

Political assassination involves intentionally killing a public figure, often for political reasons. The other options do not accurately describe this form of political violence. Impeachment is a legal process for removing an elected official from office, indictment is the formal accusation of a crime, and aggression refers to a broader range of violent behaviors.

Question 12

Which of the following reflects a misuse of office for political power and influence?

Accepted Answer

Watergate was a political scandal in the United States in the 1970s, during which President Richard Nixon and his administration were found to have used their power and influence for illegal and unethical purposes, such as spying on political opponents and obstructing justice. This reflects a clear misuse of office for political power and influence. The other options do not necessarily involve such misuse of power for political gain.

Question 13

This type of terrorism is initiated by private groups against other private groups to preserve the status quo.

Accepted Answer

Vigilante terrorism is the use of violence and intimidation by private groups against other private groups to maintain or enforce societal norms and values. It is a form of terrorism that is often carried out by citizens who believe that the government or law enforcement is not doing enough to protect their interests or uphold the law. The goal of vigilante terrorism is to maintain the status quo and prevent any perceived threats to it. The other choices, such as government terrorism, corporate terrorism, and nation-building, do not fit the description of terrorism initiated by private groups against other private groups.

Question 14

Like white-collar crime,_____ is an ambiguous term.

Accepted Answer

Political crime is considered an ambiguous term because it can encompass a wide range of activities that are politically motivated, making it difficult to define precisely.

Question 15

Which of the following is a term coined during World War II that refers to the deliberate extermination of a group because of its race,religion,ethnicity,or nationality?

Accepted Answer

Genocide was coined during World War II to describe the systematic and intentional destruction of a particular racial, ethnic, or religious group. This term was first used to describe the atrocities committed by the Nazi regime against Jews during the Holocaust.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of vigilante terrorism?

Accepted Answer

The Oklahoma City bombing was an act of vigilante terrorism committed by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, who targeted a federal building in Oklahoma City in 1995 as a response to what they perceived as government overreach and oppression. The other options listed were acts of state-sponsored or extremist terrorism.

Question 17

Which of the following involves the aiding and abetting of a country's enemy by,for example,providing the enemy military secrets or other important information that puts the country at risk?

Accepted Answer

Aiding and abetting a country's enemy by providing them with military secrets or other important information that puts the country at risk is considered an act of treason. Treason is a serious crime that can result in severe consequences, including imprisonment or even the death penalty. Vigilantism refers to taking the law into one's own hands, and has no relation to this scenario. Impeachment is a political process used to remove an elected official from office, and also has no relation to this scenario. Fracking is a method of extracting oil or gas from the ground, and is not related to this scenario.

Question 18

Which theory stresses that movements are more likely to arise when changes in the national government promise it will prove receptive or vulnerable to movement challenges?

Accepted Answer

The theory that stresses that movements are more likely to arise when changes in the national government promise it will prove receptive or vulnerable to movement challenges is the political opportunity theory. This theory suggests that political context plays a pivotal role in social movement emergence and development. In particular, it highlights the importance of identifying 'political opportunities' during moments of instability or flux that may aid the mobilization of protest.

Question 19

The story of Rosa Parks is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her seat on a Montgomery, Alabama bus to a white person was an act of civil disobedience, which played a significant role in the Civil Rights Movement.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of state-corporate crime?

Accepted Answer

The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle in 1986 was caused by the failure of an O-ring, which was manufactured by a private corporation under contract with NASA. The decision to use the faulty O-ring despite warnings of potential failure was a result of communication breakdown and pressure from both NASA and the corporation. This is an example of state-corporate crime, as it involves the collaboration between a government agency and a private corporation, resulting in harm to the public.

B, C, and D are not examples of state-corporate crime. The disaster of Affordable Care Act rollout refers to a government policy failure, the 9/11 attacks were acts of terrorism by non-state actors, and the bombing of Pearl Harbor was a military attack by a foreign government.

Quiz 14: Political Crime