Question 1

What is the danger of relying too much on neuroimaging tests?

Accepted Answer

Relying too much on neuroimaging tests can lead to the danger of assigning narrowly defined functions to brain regions, rather than remembering that most functions are distributed. Neuroimaging tests may show activity in specific areas of the brain, but it is important to remember that most functions are carried out by a network of brain regions working together. Therefore, reliance on neuroimaging tests alone may limit our understanding of complex brain functions.

Question 2

A functional MRI (fMRI)measures

Accepted Answer

An fMRI measures changes in a patient's blood oxygen level, which can provide information on brain activity and function. As different areas of the brain become active, they require more oxygen, leading to changes in blood flow and oxygenation that can be detected by fMRI. This allows researchers to map which areas of the brain are involved in different tasks or processes, and can be used to diagnose neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Question 3

Samantha's doctor is concerned that Samantha may have a brain tumour. Which method of neuroimaging should he use to detect the tumour?

Accepted Answer

Among the options provided, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is the most appropriate method for detecting brain tumours. It provides detailed images of the brain, allowing for precise detection and localization of abnormal growths. CT scans (B) are also commonly used for detecting brain tumours, but MRI provides better visualization of soft tissues and has higher sensitivity and specificity for detecting small tumors. EEG (A) measures electrical activity in the brain, but it is not useful for detecting brain tumours. PET scans (D) may be useful for evaluating the metabolic activity of brain tumours, but they are not typically used in initial detection or diagnosis.

Question 4

A brain-imaging method using magnetic fields to measure the release of energy from water in biological tissues is called ________.

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses magnetic fields to measure the release of energy from water in biological tissues. The other options (EEG, PET, CT) use different methods to measure brain activity or structure.

Question 5

A functional MRI indirectly

Accepted Answer

Functional MRI (fMRI) indirectly measures changes in neural activity by detecting changes in blood flow and oxygenation levels in the brain. It does not apply magnetic fields to the brain or measure tiny magnetic fields, and it is not used as a treatment for depression.

Question 6

Discus the various types of neuroimaging techniques, including any strengths or weakness of each type.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discus the various types of neuroimaging techniques,...

Question 7

A technique that permits scientists to pinpoint the location of specific brain areas using coordinates is called

Accepted Answer

The technique described in the question, which involves the use of coordinates to locate specific areas in the brain, is known as the stereotaxic method. Phrenology refers to an outdated theory that specific mental abilities and personality traits are located in different parts of the brain based on the shape of the skull. Functional imaging and magnetoencephalography (MEG) are related techniques used to measure brain activity, but they do not involve precise spatial coordinates in the same way as stereotaxic methods.

Question 8

Rodney wanted to "have the bumps on his head examined" to determine certain aspects of his personality. To do this, he had to go to a

Accepted Answer

The practice of examining the bumps and contours of the skull to determine personality traits is known as phrenology. Therefore, the best choice would be D, phrenologist, as they are the practitioners of this pseudoscientific method.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Studies using brain scans have shown that all areas of the brain can become active during different cognitive tasks, indicating that they all have some level of function. Option A is incorrect because neuroscientists have not identified any brain areas without useful functions. Option B is incorrect because losses in small areas of certain brain regions can lead to significant impairments in function, depending on the area and severity of the damage. Option D is incorrect because while the brain can sometimes compensate for damage in one area through rewiring or using other areas, this is not always the case and serious brain injuries can result in significant impairments in function.

Question 10

An area of damage in the brain is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

The term "lesion" is commonly used in neuroscience to refer to an area of damage or abnormality in the brain. This can include injuries, tumors, or other types of damage. None of the other options provided are accurate descriptions of brain damage or abnormalities.

Question 11

Which of the following is a machine designed to record the brain wave patterns produced by electrical activity of the brain?

Accepted Answer

EEG stands for electroencephalogram, which is a machine used to record the electrical activity of the brain. Option A is incorrect as DDT is a type of insecticide, option B is incorrect as EMG is used to measure muscle activity, and option C is incorrect as ESG is not a recognized medical abbreviation.

Question 12

Which of the following is the most outdated method for mapping the brain?

Accepted Answer

Phrenology is an outdated method that was popular in the 19th century, which suggested that the shape and size of the skull could indicate a person's personality traits and tendencies. It is no longer considered a valid way to map the brain. Stereotaxic methods, electrical stimulation, and fMRI are all currently used methods for mapping the brain.

Question 13

Libby's physician refers her to a medical centre in order to have the biochemical activity in her brain analysed. She is given an injection of a radioactive glucose-like substance and then is told to lie down with her head in a scanner. The technique being used is ________.

Accepted Answer

The injection of a radioactive glucose-like substance and the use of a scanner to analyze biochemical activity in the brain are both characteristics of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Therefore, choice A is the best choice. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) does not use a radioactive substance and instead measures changes in blood flow to identify brain activity. Microelectrode recording and electroencephalograms (EEGs) both involve direct measurement of electrical activity in the brain and do not involve the use of a radioactive substance or a scanner.

Question 14

The study of ________ assessed the bumps on a person's head and attributed various personality traits and abilities as a result of the bumps.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The study of ________ assessed the bumps...

Question 15

Small electrodes are pasted onto Miranda's scalp and are connected by wire to a machine that translates the electrical energy from her brain into wavy lines on a moving piece of paper. From this description, it is evident that Miranda's brain is being studied through the use of ________.

Accepted Answer

Small electrodes pasted on the scalp and connected by wire to a machine that produces wavy lines on a moving piece of paper suggest the use of an electroencephalograph (EEG), which measures electrical activity in the brain. A CT scan and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are imaging techniques that use different methods to visualize the brain's structure or activity, respectively. A microelectrode is a tiny electrode used to record the electrical activity of individual neurons inside the brain, which would not require externally placed electrodes on the scalp.

Question 16

Hideki has had difficulty sleeping. His doctor wishes to examine the electrical activity of his brain during different times of the night to help determine the cause of his sleep problems. The doctor will most likely perform a(n)

Accepted Answer

EEG (electroencephalogram) is a test that records and measures the electrical activity of the brain. It is commonly used to monitor brain activity during different stages of sleep and can help identify any abnormalities or disruptions that may be causing sleep problems. CT scans, PET scans, and MRIs are imaging tests that are used to visualize the brain and diagnose structural and functional abnormalities, but they do not measure electrical activity.

Question 17

Seetra has just returned home to discover that her house has been vandalised while she was away. As she takes in this very stressful situation, her adrenal glands begin to increase their production of the hormones adrenaline and ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Seetra has just returned home to discover...

Question 18

Electroencephalographs

Accepted Answer

Electroencephalographs (EEGs) are still used to diagnose and understand conditions such as schizophrenia, epilepsy, and various other neurological disorders. EEGs have a high temporal resolution, meaning they can detect changes in brain activity quickly, but they have a relatively low spatial resolution, meaning it can be difficult to pinpoint the exact source of brain activity. However, with advancements in technology, researchers have been able to improve both the temporal and spatial resolution of EEGs.

Question 19

Which of the following is a true statement?

Accepted Answer

Both sexes manufacture some amount of the sex hormone associated with the opposite sex. While males produce predominantly testosterone, they also produce small amounts of estrogen. Similarly, females produce predominantly estrogen, but also produce small amounts of testosterone.

Question 20

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Accepted Answer

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) uses strong and rapidly changing magnetic fields to create electric fields in the brain, which can be used to stimulate or inhibit neural activity. It is used as a treatment for depression and other neurological disorders. TMS is not used to map electrical activity in the brain or detect areas of oxygenated blood, and there is no such thing as transcranial phrenology, so D is an incorrect answer.

Quiz 3: Biological Psychology