Question 1

Which of the three phases of matter (solid, liquid, or gas)has particles moving at the highest average velocity?

Accepted Answer

Gas particles have the highest average velocity because they have the most energy and are able to move freely and quickly. Solid particles have the lowest average velocity because they are tightly packed and have the least amount of energy. Liquid particles fall in between, as they have some energy but are still somewhat tightly packed.

Question 2

Between individual molecules of NO₂ in the solid state, which of the following types of intermolecular forces would you expect to be dominant?

Accepted Answer

NO₂ is a polar molecule, and in the solid state, dipole-dipole interactions (dipole forces) are the dominant intermolecular forces between the molecules.

Question 3

Which of the following chemical substances would you expect to have the highest melting point?

Accepted Answer

Water has the highest melting point because it has the strongest intermolecular forces (hydrogen bonding) among the given substances.

Question 4

Which of the three phases of matter (solid, liquid, or gas)features particles in a fixed, rigid arrangement?

Accepted Answer

Solid features particles in a fixed, rigid arrangement. Liquids and gases do not have fixed arrangements and can flow and take on the shape of their container.

Question 5

Which of the following sublimes?

Accepted Answer

Mothballs are made of naphthalene or paradichlorobenzene, which can undergo sublimation.

Question 6

Which of the three phases of matter (solid, liquid, or gas)has particles that are in a loose, changeable arrangement but do not completely fill the volume of a given container?

Accepted Answer

Liquids have particles that are not fixed in place like solids, but they also have a definite volume and take the shape of the container they are in. However, they do not completely fill the volume of the container, as there will always be some empty space between the particles. Gases also have particles that are not fixed in place and have no definite shape or volume, but they completely fill the volume of a given container. Solids have particles tightly packed together and have a definite shape and volume.

Question 7

Which of the following chemical substances would you expect to exhibit a degree of hydrogen bonding?

Accepted Answer

All the substances listed (NH3, CH3OH, and HF) have hydrogen atoms bonded to highly electronegative atoms (N, O, and F respectively), which allows them to exhibit hydrogen bonding.

Question 8

The solid to gas conversion is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The solid to gas conversion is called sublimation. Melting is the solid to liquid conversion. Evaporation is the liquid to gas conversion. Condensation is the gas to liquid conversion.

Question 9

Which of the three phases of matter (solid, liquid, or gas)has particles separated by the least amount of distance?

Accepted Answer

In a solid, the particles are packed tightly together and have the least amount of separation distance compared to a liquid or gas.

Question 10

The gas to liquid change of state is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The gas to liquid change of state is called condensation. Sublimation refers to solid to gas change. Evaporation is the change from liquid to gas. Melting is the change from solid to liquid.

Question 11

The term "normal" boiling point indicates ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term "normal" boiling point indicates ________.
...

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true about intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) Intermolecular forces of attraction indeed tend to cause molecules to stick together.
B) Cooling is one of the factors that can lead to the liquefaction of a substance, but other factors such as pressure can also apply.
C) In general, solidification does require a lower temperature than liquefaction, as the intermolecular forces that hold the substance together in the solid phase are stronger and require more energy (usually in the form of heat) to be broken.

Question 13

Which of the three phases of matter (solid, liquid, or gas)features particles that are easily compressible?

Accepted Answer

The particles in a gas are far apart from each other and have high kinetic energy, which makes them easily compressible. The particles in a solid and liquid are packed closely together and cannot be easily compressed. Therefore, only the phase of matter that features particles that are easily compressible is gas.

Question 14

Which of the following chemical substances would you expect to have the lowest boiling point (you may consider molecular mass and the degree of intermolecular forces as primary controlling factors)?

Accepted Answer

The molecular mass of A is the lowest among the options, and it only has one sulfur atom, making its intermolecular forces weaker than the others. Therefore, it is expected to have the lowest boiling point.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a solid at 0 °C?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide is a gas at 0 °C and standard pressure. Salt, sugar, and iron are solids at 0 °C.

Question 16

Nonpolar molecules may exhibit ________.

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar molecules, by definition, do not have a permanent dipole moment. Therefore, they are unable to exhibit hydrogen bonding or dipolar forces. The only intermolecular force present in nonpolar molecules is London dispersion forces.

Question 17

Which of the following chemical substances would you expect to have the highest boiling point (you may consider molecular mass and the degree of intermolecular hydrogen bonding as primary controlling factors)?

Accepted Answer

Ethyl alcohol (CHOHCH) has the highest boiling point because it has the highest molecular mass and is capable of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between its hydroxyl (-OH) groups. Ammonia can also form intermolecular hydrogen bonds, but it has a lower molecular mass than ethyl alcohol. Methane cannot form hydrogen bonds and has the lowest molecular mass of the options given. Methyl alcohol has a lower boiling point than ethyl alcohol because it has a lower molecular mass and only one hydroxyl group for hydrogen bonding.

Question 18

Which of the following does not sublime?

Accepted Answer

Salt does not sublime, it undergoes a process called melting or dissolving. The other three options (mothballs, iodine crystals, and dry ice) undergo sublimation, changing from a solid directly into a gas without passing through a liquid phase.

Question 19

The liquid to gas change of state is called ________.

Accepted Answer

The liquid to gas change of state is called evaporation. Sublimation refers to the change of state from solid to gas without passing through the liquid phase. Condensation is the change of state from gas to liquid. Melting is the change of state from solid to liquid.

Question 20

Which of the following substances would you expect to be a liquid at room temperature, assuming that strong intermolecular forces need to be present to be a liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Carbon disulfide (CS2) has stronger intermolecular forces compared to the other options due to its polarizable electron cloud, making it a liquid at room temperature. The others are gases with weaker dispersion forces.

Quiz 7: Intermolecular Forces and the Phases of Matter

Which of the three phases of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) has particles moving at the highest average velocity?

Between individual molecules of NO₂ in the solid state, which of the following types of intermolecular forces would you expect to be dominant?

Which of the following chemical substances would you expect to have the highest melting point?

Which of the three phases of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) features particles in a fixed, rigid arrangement?

Which of the following sublimes?

Which of the three phases of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) has particles that are in a loose, changeable arrangement but do not completely fill the volume of a given container?

Which of the following chemical substances would you expect to exhibit a degree of hydrogen bonding?

The solid to gas conversion is called ________.

Which of the three phases of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) has particles separated by the least amount of distance?

The gas to liquid change of state is called ________.

The term "normal" boiling point indicates ________.

Which of the following statements is true about intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules?

Which of the three phases of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) features particles that are easily compressible?

Which of the following chemical substances would you expect to have the lowest boiling point (you may consider molecular mass and the degree of intermolecular forces as primary controlling factors) ?

Which of the following is not a solid at 0 °C?

Nonpolar molecules may exhibit ________.

Which of the following chemical substances would you expect to have the highest boiling point (you may consider molecular mass and the degree of intermolecular hydrogen bonding as primary controlling factors) ?

Which of the following does not sublime?

The liquid to gas change of state is called ________.

Which of the following substances would you expect to be a liquid at room temperature, assuming that strong intermolecular forces need to be present to be a liquid at room temperature?

Quiz 7: Intermolecular Forces and the Phases of Matter

Which of the three phases of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) has particles moving at the highest average velocity?

Between individual molecules of NO2 in the solid state, which of the following types of intermolecular forces would you expect to be dominant?

Which of the following chemical substances would you expect to have the highest melting point?

Which of the three phases of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) features particles in a fixed, rigid arrangement?

Which of the following sublimes?

Which of the three phases of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) has particles that are in a loose, changeable arrangement but do not completely fill the volume of a given container?

Which of the following chemical substances would you expect to exhibit a degree of hydrogen bonding?

The solid to gas conversion is called ________.

Which of the three phases of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) has particles separated by the least amount of distance?

The gas to liquid change of state is called ________.

The term "normal" boiling point indicates ________.

Which of the following statements is true about intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules?

Which of the three phases of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) features particles that are easily compressible?

Which of the following chemical substances would you expect to have the lowest boiling point (you may consider molecular mass and the degree of intermolecular forces as primary controlling factors) ?

Which of the following is not a solid at 0 °C?

Nonpolar molecules may exhibit ________.

Which of the following chemical substances would you expect to have the highest boiling point (you may consider molecular mass and the degree of intermolecular hydrogen bonding as primary controlling factors) ?

Which of the following does not sublime?

The liquid to gas change of state is called ________.

Which of the following substances would you expect to be a liquid at room temperature, assuming that strong intermolecular forces need to be present to be a liquid at room temperature?

Between individual molecules of NO₂ in the solid state, which of the following types of intermolecular forces would you expect to be dominant?