The Child and Family Come to the Clinic Requesting Information

The child and family come to the clinic requesting information about causes of cardiac defects. The father has high incidence of cardiac defects in his family, and the child is frequently cyanotic around the lips. What causes should the nurse tell the family about? Select all that apply.

A) Decreased maternal age
B) Chromosomal abnormalities
C) Fetal exposure to maternal drugs
D) Maternal viral infections
E) Maternal metabolic disorders