Question 1

A 10-year-old diagnosed with chronic renal failure is seen at the dialysis center for dialysis treatment three times a week. The child weighs 35 pounds after dialysis.
Physician's order: Epogen 50 U/kg three times weekly after dialysis.
Medication on hand: Epogen 2000 U/mL
Calculate how many ml of Epogen the child should receive three times a week.

Accepted Answer

0.38 mL

Question 2

The nurse educator is teaching a group of nursing students the pathophysiologic reasons related to genitourinary (GU) disorders in the pediatric population. Which statements are appropriate for the nurse educator to include in the teaching session? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

- A) Incomplete organ development during fetal development can indeed lead to various GU disorders, as the organs may not function properly if they are not fully developed.- C) Hydronephrosis, which is the swelling of a kidney due to a build-up of urine, can be both a cause and a result of GU disorders. It can indicate underlying issues such as blockages or reflux.- E) Anatomic obstructions (such as blockages in the urinary tract) or incomplete nerve innervation (affecting the control of urinary organs) can lead to GU disorders by disrupting the normal flow of urine or organ function.

Question 3

Which symptoms are characteristic of a preschool-age client who is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection?

Accepted Answer

Preschool-age children with a urinary tract infection often have symptoms such as urgency (a sudden, strong urge to urinate), dysuria (painful or difficult urination), and fever. Other possible symptoms include wetting accidents in a child who has been potty trained, abdominal or back pain, and foul-smelling urine. Hematuria (blood in the urine) may also be present, but it is not as characteristic as the other symptoms listed. Elevated blood pressure and severe flank pain are not typical of a urinary tract infection in this age group, and headache and vertigo are unlikely to occur as primary symptoms.

Question 4

A child, in renal failure, is diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which food choices will the nurse teach the parents and child to avoid?

Accepted Answer

Carrots and green, leafy vegetables are high in potassium, which should be avoided in hyperkalemia.

Question 5

A nurse is preparing to admit a child with possible obstructive uropathy. Which laboratory test should the nurse expect to draw on this child?

Accepted Answer

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine are tests commonly used to assess kidney function and will help to diagnose obstructive uropathy. Platelet count and PTT assess clotting functions and blood culture will not help in the diagnosis of urinary tract obstruction.

Question 6

A child is prescribed hemodialysis for the treatment of kidney failure. When providing care for this child, what will the nurse monitor for during the assessment? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A child is prescribed hemodialysis for the...

Question 7

The nurse is preparing an educational session for sexually active adolescents. Which statements are appropriate for the nurse to include when educating about sexually transmitted infections (STIs)? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A, B, and D are all correct statements about STIs. C is not true, as birth control pills do not protect against STIs. E is not accurate, as PID is an infection of the upper genital tract, not the lower.

Question 8

A school-age client diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome is severely edematous. The primary healthcare provider has placed the child on bed rest. Which nursing intervention is a priority for this client?

Accepted Answer

Repositioning the child every 2 hours is crucial to prevent pressure ulcers and promote circulation, especially in a child with severe edema due to nephrotic syndrome.

Question 9

A child is scheduled for a kidney transplant. The nurse completes the preoperative teaching to prepare the child and parents for the surgery and postoperative considerations. Which statement by the parents indicates understanding of the teaching session?

Accepted Answer

This statement indicates that the parents understand the importance of medication compliance after the transplant, which is crucial for the success of the procedure. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because they demonstrate a lack of understanding of the postoperative care and follow-up necessary after the transplant.

Question 10

A preschool-age client is diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis and is admitted to the hospital. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for this client?

Accepted Answer

Acute glomerulonephritis leads to a decrease in plasma filtration, leading to fluid retention and edema. This results in fluid-volume excess, which is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for this client. Risk for injury related to loss of blood in urine may be a concern, but it is not the most appropriate nursing diagnosis. There is no direct correlation between hypertension and risk for infection. Additionally, acute glomerulonephritis is not a chronic disease and is not directly related to altered growth and development.

Question 11

The nurse teaches parents that the anticholinergic drug oxybutynin is used to treat enuresis. The parents ask the nurse why the medication is being prescribed. Which response by the nurse is the most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic drug that can help decrease the spasms of the bladder that may contribute to enuresis. It does not have an antidiuretic effect or slow the production of urine. It is not an antidepressant.

Question 12

The nurse is providing care to a male infant who is diagnosed with hypospadias. Which clinical manifestation does the nurse anticipate when assessing this infant?

Accepted Answer

Hypospadias is a congenital anomaly in which the urethral meatus is located on the ventral surface of the penis instead of the tip. As a result, the penis may appear curved and the infant may experience difficulty with urination.

Question 13

Match between columns
                        Premises: Diarrhea
Chills
Cloudy urine
Moderate/severe dehydration
Hematuria
Costovertebral angle tenderness
High fever
Suprapubic or flank pain

Accepted Answer

The Answer of Lower UTI and Upper UTI is...

Question 14

The nurse is preparing to discharge a toddler-age client who just had an orchiopexy. Which discharge instruction is appropriate for this client?

Accepted Answer

Loose, nonrestrictive clothing is necessary to prevent the child's clothing from rubbing against the surgical site and causing pain or irritation. It will also help to promote healing. It is important to avoid tight clothing such as jeans or underwear.

Question 15

A preschool-age client diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome is placed on prednisone for several weeks. Which teaching point is appropriate for the nurse to include in the teaching plan for this client?

Accepted Answer

Prednisone should not be stopped suddenly as it can lead to adrenal insufficiency; it needs to be tapered off under medical supervision.

Question 16

A child diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis is in the playroom and experiences blurred vision and headache. Which action by the nurse is the most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Blurred vision and headache are concerning symptoms in a child with acute glomerulonephritis and could be signs of hypertension. Checking urine for hematuria, encouraging bed rest, and obtaining serum electrolytes or a urinalysis will not address the potential hypertensive emergency that could lead to further complications. Obtaining a blood pressure and notifying the healthcare provider is the most appropriate action.

Question 17

A child is admitted to the hospital unit with a diagnosis of minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS). Which clinical manifestations does the nurse anticipate when conducting the admission assessment?

Accepted Answer

Minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) is characterized by massive proteinuria (loss of protein in the urine), hypoalbuminemia (low albumin levels in the blood), and edema (swelling due to fluid retention). Hematuria and bacteriuria are not typical manifestations of MCNS, and weight gain is more common due to fluid retention. Gross hematuria and fever are not associated with MCNS. Hypertension and weight loss are also not commonly seen in MCNS.

Question 18

A child recently had a kidney transplant and is prescribed cyclosporine. The parents ask the nurse about the reason for the cyclosporine. Which reason will the nurse include in the response for why this medication is prescribed?

Accepted Answer

Cyclosporine is prescribed to suppress rejection after a kidney transplant. It works by suppressing the immune system to prevent it from attacking the transplanted kidney.

Quiz 26: Alterations in Genitourinary Function