Question 1

Which of the following people is most likely to develop PTSD?

Accepted Answer

Individuals who are very angry and blaming about a traumatic experience are more likely to develop PTSD. They may have difficulty processing their emotions and may engage in avoidance behaviors, which can contribute to the development of PTSD. The other options (A, C, and D) are protective factors that can help prevent or mitigate the development of PTSD.

Question 2

Which of the following drugs received FDA approval in 1999 as a treatment for social phobia?

Accepted Answer

Paxil (paroxetine) received FDA approval in 1999 as a treatment for social phobia (also known as social anxiety disorder). Zoloft (sertraline) and Prozac (fluoxetine) are antidepressants that are also approved for the treatment of social anxiety disorder, but they received FDA approval before 1999. Phenelzine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) that is used to treat depression and anxiety disorders, including social anxiety, but it received FDA approval in the 1950s.

Question 3

Which of the following is the most prevalent psychological disorder in the general population?

Accepted Answer

Specific phobia is the most prevalent psychological disorder in the general population, with a lifetime prevalence of around 12%. Social phobia, agoraphobia, and panic disorder have lower lifetime prevalence rates.

Question 4

All young children experience separation anxiety to some extent. About what percentage of children have separation anxiety severe enough to meet the criteria for Separation Anxiety Disorders?

Accepted Answer

About 4% of children experience separation anxiety severe enough to meet the criteria for Separation Anxiety Disorders. This condition is characterized by excessive fear or anxiety about separation from home or an attachment figure.

Question 5

Separation Anxiety Disorder is:

Accepted Answer

Separation Anxiety Disorder involves unrealistic and excessive worry about separation from a parent or caregiver and a fear that they will not return. Option B and C do not accurately describe this disorder. Option D is incorrect as well.

Question 6

Individuals suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) display a characteristic set of symptoms including all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

PTSD is associated with hyperarousal, not under-arousal. Choices A, B, and D are all common symptoms of PTSD.

Question 7

Veterans returning home to the United States after the end of the war in Vietnam experienced a high rate of posttraumatic stress disorder due in part to

Accepted Answer

The absence of social support was a significant factor in the high rate of posttraumatic stress disorder experienced by veterans returning home from the Vietnam War. Many veterans faced isolation and rejection from their communities and struggled to readjust to civilian life without the support of others who could understand their experiences.

Question 8

Which of the following is an accurate statement about posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

Accepted Answer

Acute stress disorder was included as a DSM-IV diagnosis so early severe reactions to trauma could receive health insurance coverage for immediate treatment.

Question 9

In regard to treatment of specific phobias, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

Exposure-based exercises have been shown to lead to changes in brain functioning, specifically in the limbic system and prefrontal cortex, which are involved in emotional processing and regulation. This is why exposure therapy is considered a highly effective treatment for phobias. Option A is incorrect because structured exposure-based exercises are still considered necessary for treating phobias. Option B is incorrect because individuals with "blood" phobias need to learn to relax their muscles to prevent an increase in blood pressure, which can lead to fainting. Option D is incorrect because avoiding a phobic situation actually strengthens the phobic response by preventing the individual from learning that the feared stimulus is not actually dangerous.

Question 10

Physiologically, PTSD appears to be related to damage to

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that individuals with PTSD often have a smaller hippocampus, which is involved in learning and memory processes. This can lead to difficulties with memory recall and consolidation, as well as disrupted learning. While the amygdala, which is involved in processing emotions such as fear and anxiety, is also affected by PTSD, it is not the primary site of physiological damage associated with the disorder. Additionally, PTSD can disrupt sleep, but this is not directly related to damage of either the hippocampus or amygdala.

Question 11

Unlike most of the anxiety disorders in which female sufferers predominate, the sex ratio is almost equal in __________.

Accepted Answer

Social phobia, unlike most anxiety disorders, has a more balanced sex ratio, meaning it affects males and females more equally compared to disorders like agoraphobia, specific phobias, and panic disorder, where females are more predominantly affected.

Question 12

In Japan, the anxiety syndrome termed taijin kyofusho involves a fear of

Accepted Answer

Taijin kyofusho involves a fear of personally offending or disturbing others, rather than a fear of performing or embarrassing oneself. Speaking to females is not specifically mentioned in the definition of taijin kyofusho, and is not necessarily a common or defining feature of the syndrome.

Question 13

One difference between panic disorders and PTSD is

Accepted Answer

In panic disorder, the alarm is false, meaning there is no real danger, while in PTSD, the initial alarm is true, meaning there was a real threat or traumatic event that triggered the response.

Question 14

The setting for posttraumatic stress disorder to occur follows an experience accompanied by a triad of feelings, including all of the following EXCEPT .

Accepted Answer

The triad of feelings associated with PTSD includes horror, helplessness, and fear. Paranoia is not one of the key feelings.

Question 15

The anxiety disorder called social phobia, involving anxiety about being evaluated or criticized, usually begins during ________.

Accepted Answer

Social phobia typically begins during adolescence or early adulthood. While some may experience it during childhood, it is less common. It is also rare for social phobia to develop in middle age.

Question 16

Although the "alarm reactions" experienced in both PTSD and panic disorder are very similar and result in conditioned responses, in panic disorder the alarm is .

Accepted Answer

In panic disorder, the alarm is a false alarm, meaning there is no actual danger or threat present. In PTSD, the alarm may be triggered by a real or perceived threat.

Question 17

Research by Lundh and Öst (1996) and Mogg (2004) demonstrated that social phobics presented with pictures of faces were more likely to remember expressions.

Accepted Answer

Social phobics were more likely to remember critical and angry expressions. This suggests that they may have a heightened sensitivity to negative social cues and may be more prone to interpret neutral or ambiguous cues as negative.

Question 18

According to your textbook, new techniques have made it possible to treat some phobias effectively in one .

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, new techniques such as exposure therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy have made it possible to effectively treat certain phobias in just a single day.

Question 19

Which of the following would NOT be considered an example of social phobia?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty traveling on public transportation without a family member present may indicate agoraphobia, but it is not a symptom of social phobia. Social phobia involves fear and avoidance of social situations and performance situations where one may be evaluated or judged by others.

Question 20

According to your textbook, there are at least three ways of developing a phobia. Which is NOT one of these ways?

Accepted Answer

The textbook lists experiencing a traumatic event, observing someone else experience a traumatic event, and being told about danger as ways of developing a phobia, but does not list having a nightmare as one of these ways.

Quiz 5: Anxiety, Trauma and Stressor-Related, and Obsessive-Compulsive