A patient with a history of renal disease complains of muscle cramping, twitching, and restless leg syndrome.The nurse recognizes these as symptoms of:

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Muscle cramping, twitching, and restless leg syndrome are all symptoms of uremic syndrome, which occurs when the kidneys are not able to properly filter waste and toxins from the blood. This can lead to a buildup of electrolytes such as potassium, calcium, and phosphorus, which can then cause muscle and nerve problems. Renal osteodystrophy may also be a complication of renal disease, but it primarily affects the bones. Kidney stones may cause abdominal or flank pain, and PEM (post-exertional malaise) is unrelated to kidney disease.

A Patient with a History of Renal Disease Complains of Muscle