Question 1

Fat accumulation is a common side effect of drug treatments for HIV infection.

Accepted Answer

Fat accumulation, also known as lipodystrophy, is a well-documented side effect of certain antiretroviral medications used to treat HIV infection. This can manifest as the loss of subcutaneous fat in certain areas, such as the face and arms, and the buildup of fat in other areas, such as the abdomen and back of the neck.

Question 2

Research indicates that high-fat diets often correlate with cancer rates; thus, low-fat diets can reduce the risk of developing cancer.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 3

The medication megestrol acetate can improve appetite and increase weight in HIV patients.

Accepted Answer

Megestrol acetate is a medication commonly used to improve appetite and increase weight in HIV patients with cachexia or wasting syndrome.

Question 4

A cancer that arises from muscle or bone is referred to as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A cancer that arises from muscle or bone is referred to as a sarcoma. Adenoma refers to a benign tumor arising in glandular tissue, carcinoma refers to a cancer arising in epithelial tissue, and melanoma refers to a cancer arising from melanocytes (pigment-producing cells).

Question 5

Most cancer patients abandon conventional treatments and use alternative therapies in the place of conventional therapies.

Accepted Answer

Although some cancer patients may choose to use alternative therapies in addition to conventional treatments, most do not abandon conventional therapies entirely in favor of alternative treatments. Conventional treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery have been scientifically proven to be effective in treating many types of cancer and can be life-saving. It is important for cancer patients to discuss their treatment options with their healthcare team and make informed decisions based on scientific evidence and their individual medical situation.

Question 6

Herpes simplex is a fungal infection of the mouth and throat that often occurs in patients with HIV.

Accepted Answer

Herpes simplex is not a fungal infection, but rather a viral infection. It can occur in patients with HIV due to their weakened immune system.

Question 7

Most often, cancer is caused by interactions between a person's genes and environmental agents.

Accepted Answer

While genetic predisposition can increase the risk of developing certain cancers, it is often the interaction between genes and various environmental factors (such as tobacco smoke, radiation, and viruses) that ultimately leads to cancer.

Question 8

Untreated HIV infection can increase a person's susceptibility to opportunistic infections such as Kaposi's sarcoma.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Untreated HIV infection can increase a person's...

Question 9

Inflammation of the mouth that is caused by exposure to radiation is called radiation enteritis.

Accepted Answer

The correct term for inflammation of the mouth caused by radiation is radiation stomatitis, not radiation enteritis. Enteritis refers to inflammation of the small intestine.

Question 10

A durable power of attorney indicates one's preference for medical treatment in the event of incapacitation.

Accepted Answer

A durable power of attorney deals with financial and legal matters, not medical treatment preferences. A healthcare power of attorney or living will would be used to indicate one's medical treatment preferences in the event of incapacitation.

Question 11

Recurrent bacterial pneumonia is classified as an AIDS-defining illness.

Accepted Answer

Recurrent bacterial pneumonia is a common opportunistic infection in people with advanced HIV infection and is one of the AIDS-defining illnesses listed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Question 12

All of the following are involved in the development of cancer except:

Accepted Answer

Bacterial infection is involved in some types of cancer, such as stomach cancer caused by Helicobacter pylori. Therefore, all options except option C are involved in the development of cancer.

Question 13

Nutrition-related factors may increase or decrease the risk of developing cancer.

Accepted Answer

Nutrition plays a crucial role in cancer prevention and development. Certain foods and nutrients have been shown to increase the risk of cancer, while others may decrease it. For example, a diet high in red meat and processed foods has been linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer, while a diet rich in fruits and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of several types of cancer. Therefore, nutrition-related factors can impact our cancer risk.

Question 14

In the later stages of HIV, filtered and bottled water are always safer than tap water.

Accepted Answer

Filtered and bottled water are not always safer than tap water, as safety depends on the source and treatment of the water. It's important for individuals with weakened immune systems to ensure their water is from a safe and reliable source.

Question 15

Cancer cachexia affects almost all cancer patients.

Accepted Answer

Cancer cachexia affects up to 80% of advanced cancer patients, not almost all cancer patients. Its prevalence varies with the type of cancer.

Question 16

Patients have a right to refuse medical treatment-including nourishment and hydration-even if refusing the treatment could result in death.

Accepted Answer

This is known as informed consent and is considered a fundamental right of patients. However, some exceptions may exist for certain mental health or legal situations.

Question 17

A combination of three antiretroviral drugs are administered to slow the progression of cancer.

Accepted Answer

Antiretroviral drugs are primarily used to treat HIV, not cancer. While some drugs used to treat HIV may have some anticancer properties, a combination of three antiretroviral drugs would not typically be used to slow the progression of cancer.

Question 18

Laws regarding advance directives are standardized from state to state.

Accepted Answer

Laws regarding advance directives can vary from state to state in terms of specific requirements, terminology used, and legal enforceability. However, many states have adopted similar laws and guidelines modeled after the Uniform Law Commission's Advance Health Care Directive Act. It is important to consult the laws and regulations in your specific state when creating an advance directive.

Question 19

Some people with cancer fail to regain lean body mass even when they are receiving adequate nutrients and energy.

Accepted Answer

This is true. Some cancer patients may have difficulty regaining lean body mass even if they are nutritionally replete. This can be attributed to a variety of factors such as the cancer itself, the treatments they are receiving, and physical inactivity.

Question 20

A copy of any advance directive should be part of a client's medical record.

Accepted Answer

A copy of any advance directive should be in the client's medical record for healthcare providers to reference and ensure the individual's wishes are being honored.

Quiz 23: Nutrition, Cancer, and Hiv Infection