Question 1

The British government,concerned with working conditions in the early 1800s,held a series of hearings and upon learning of conditions that existed in British factories:

Accepted Answer

The British government, upon learning of the poor working conditions in factories, realized the controversial nature of regulating labor but still passed legislation to prohibit hiring children under nine years old and limit the hours for those under eighteen. This shows that the government attempted to address the issue without going against the regulations protecting free market capitalism.

Question 2

Continental Europe lagged behind Great Britain in industrializing due primarily to:

Accepted Answer

The French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars disrupted trade and commerce, destroyed infrastructure, and drained the economies of continental Europe, slowing down industrialization. Great Britain, on the other hand, was able to capitalize on its colonial empire and naval dominance to become the first industrialized nation.

Question 3

One of the most important preconditions of industrialization that was best established in Great Britain was:

Accepted Answer

A commercialized system of agriculture allowed for a surplus of food production, freeing up labor to work in factories and contributing to the growth of industry. This was a key factor in Great Britain's successful industrialization.

Question 4

Even with the interconnectedness of industry,wherein an improvement in one area led to improvements in other areas,there was one dual foundation on which the rest was built; that foundation was:

Accepted Answer

The passage mentions improvements in industry being interconnected and mentions that "there was one dual foundation on which the rest was built." The foundation is later described as "steam and speed," indicating that advancements in steam power and transportation speed were crucial to the development of industry. Therefore, choice C, "steam and speed," is the best answer.

Question 5

The British "navvies" were:

Accepted Answer

The British "navvies" were the construction workers who built the railways in the United Kingdom during the mid-19th century. The term "navvy" is short for "navigator," which referred to the workers who built navigable canals before transitioning to the construction of railways.

Question 6

Great Britain began to lose its lead in the Industrial Revolution in the second half of the nineteenth century due to new industries being developed by other countries,industries such as:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Great Britain began to lose its lead...

Question 7

Which statement best describes the Industrial Revolution?

Accepted Answer

The Industrial Revolution was not centrally planned and did not develop evenly across the continent. It was a gradual, unplanned series of changes that affected different industries in different countries at different rates of speed. While the development of steam engines was important, it was not the only driving force behind the Industrial Revolution.

Question 8

The Crédit Mobilier,founded in 1852,was:

Accepted Answer

The Crédit Mobilier was one of France's first joint-stock investment banks. It was founded in 1852 and played an important role in financing industrialization and infrastructure projects in France during the 19th century.

Question 9

A central difference in the development of industrialization in Great Britain and the United States on the one hand and continental Europe on the other was the involvement of:

Accepted Answer

Continental Europe's industrialization was characterized by the heavy involvement of governments through subsidies, incentives, and direct development, while industrialization in Great Britain and the United States was driven by private companies with less government involvement. The Roman Catholic Church did not play a major role in the development of industrialization in Europe. Foreign investors were involved in both Great Britain and continental Europe, and while there was some migration from rural areas to the cities across Europe, it was not limited to the peasantry.

Question 10

There were many inventions that improved textile manufacturing in the 1700s,but the first of these was the "flying shuttle," which was invented by:

Accepted Answer

The "flying shuttle" was invented by John Kay in 1733 and was a major improvement in textile manufacturing, allowing weavers to work faster and produce wider fabrics. Samuel Compton invented the spinning mule, James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny, James Watt improved the steam engine, and Matthew Boulton was a partner with Watt in developing and marketing the steam engine. While all of these inventors made important contributions to the Industrial Revolution, the flying shuttle was the first major improvement in the textile industry.

Question 11

One of the developments that hastened the Industrial Revolution was the steam engine,originally developed to remove water from mines by:

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the developments that hastened the...

Question 12

By the late nineteenth century,the core industrial countries of Europe included:

Accepted Answer

The answer of By the late nineteenth century,the core industrial...

Question 13

Which pairing is correct?

Accepted Answer

Richard Arkwright is credited with inventing the water frame, which was a spinning machine used in the textile industry during the Industrial Revolution.

Question 14

One explanation for Britain's lead in the Industrial Revolution was that:

Accepted Answer

The pursuit of wealth was considered a worthy goal in life in Britain, which encouraged the development of entrepreneurial spirit and innovation.

Question 15

The development of the steam engine decisively transformed the nineteenth-century world; the _________ was one of its many applications.

Accepted Answer

The development of the steam engine led to the invention of the railroad locomotive, which revolutionized transportation and contributed to economic growth and expansion in the 19th century. While mining pumps, factory looms, automobiles, and electrical generators were also applications of the steam engine, the railroad locomotive had a greater impact on the world during this time period.

Question 16

The nineteenth-century banking revolution was accompanied by scandal; the greatest of the banks involved was the Péreire brothers' bank,the:

Accepted Answer

The Péreire brothers' bank referred to in the question is the Crédit Mobilier, which was involved in a major scandal in France during the 19th century. The other banks listed in the answer choices were not specifically implicated in this scandal.

Question 17

The mining industry in England expanded rapidly with industrialization due to the increased demand for:

Accepted Answer

The increased demand for coal was driven by the need to fuel the steam engines that powered the factories and transportation systems of the Industrial Revolution.

Question 18

Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793,the cotton gin:

Accepted Answer

The cotton gin mechanically separated the seeds from the cotton fibers, making it possible to process cotton faster and more efficiently. This led to a boom in cotton production in the southern United States and an increase in demand for slave labor to cultivate and harvest cotton.

Question 19

The rapid expansion of the textile industry in Great Britain in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries had at least one unintended consequence: a revolution in:

Accepted Answer

The expansion of the textile industry led to more affordable and accessible clothing for all social classes, which could be considered a revolution in clothing. While there were certainly developments in marketing, shopping, and shipping during this time period, they were not as directly impacted by the textile industry as clothing was. Therefore, B is the most accurate choice.

Question 20

Great Britain's small size in the early stages of industrialization:

Accepted Answer

Great Britain's small size in the early stages of industrialization encouraged the development of a well-integrated domestic market as transportation costs were low, allowing goods and resources to move quickly and cheaply throughout the country. This facilitated the growth of new industries and the expansion of existing ones, contributing to the overall success of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain.

Quiz 19: The Industrial Revolution and Nineteenth-century Society