Question 1

The libido is dormant during the __________ stage.

Accepted Answer

The latent stage occurs between the ages of about 6 to 12 years old and is characterized by a relatively dormant libido, as the focus of the child's energy and attention shifts to social and intellectual development rather than sexual impulses. During this time, children may develop same-sex friendships and engage in hobbies and interests that help them develop a sense of competence and mastery.

Question 2

According to Freud,appropriate sexual and romantic relationships are only possible when an individual has attained the ________ stage of psychosexual development.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychosexual theory, the genital stage occurs during adolescence and adulthood. This is the final stage of development, where individuals are able to develop healthy intimate relationships and express their sexuality in a socially acceptable manner. Thus, appropriate sexual and romantic relationships are only possible during this stage, making option B the correct answer.

Question 3

A Freudian psychotherapist would assert that an alcoholic or a chain-smoker is stuck in what stage of development?

Accepted Answer

According to Freudian theory, the oral stage (birth to 18 months) is characterized by the primary focus of pleasure and satisfaction from oral activities such as feeding and sucking. An individual who becomes fixated or stuck in this stage might have an oral fixation, meaning they continue to seek oral stimulation through habits such as smoking or excessive eating. Therefore, an alcoholic or chain-smoker would be stuck in the oral stage of development.

Question 4

A person's responses to a projective test are thought to reflect

Accepted Answer

Projective tests are designed to reveal a person's unconscious thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. The responses are believed to provide insight into the individual's personality structure and unconscious conflicts. Therefore, option D is the best choice as it accurately represents the purpose of projective tests.

Question 5

The main conflict of the anal stage comes from:

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychosexual theory, the main conflict of the anal stage (18 months to 3 years) is due to the child's learning and mastery of bowel and bladder control during toilet training. The success or failure of this process can have lasting effects on the child's personality development, particularly in relation to issues of control, autonomy, and self-esteem. The terms "weaning off the breast or bottle" and "sexual repression" are more relevant to earlier or later stages in Freud's theory. The Oedipal complex also emerges later in the phallic stage (3 to 6 years) and is not specific to the anal stage.

Question 6

A newborn baby is in what stage of psychosexual development?

Accepted Answer

The oral stage of psychosexual development occurs from birth to 18 months, during which the primary source of pleasure and exploration is the mouth, such as through sucking and tasting. Therefore, a newborn baby is in the oral stage.

Question 7

Which psychological test asks the subject to tell a story based on a picture of one or more people in which it is unclear what is going on?

Accepted Answer

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) asks the subject to tell a story based on a picture of one or more people in which it is unclear what is going on. The stories told by the subject are then analyzed to gain insight into the subject's personality traits and possible emotional issues. The Rorschach test, CPI, and MMPI are all different types of psychological tests that assess personality traits but use different methods.

Question 8

According to Freud,habits such as fingernail biting or gum chewing could result from a fixation in the __________ stage.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychosexual stages, the oral stage is the first stage of development that occurs from birth to 18 months of age. During this stage, the infant's primary source of pleasure is through the mouth, such as sucking or biting. If the child's needs are not met during this stage, they may develop an oral fixation and continue habits like fingernail biting or gum chewing into adulthood.

Question 9

Which personality test relies on the interpretation of inkblots to understand personality?

Accepted Answer

The Rorschach test relies on the interpretation of inkblots to understand personality. The other three tests listed (MMPI, 16PF, and TAT) use different methods to assess personality.

Question 10

What is one criticism of projective tests?

Accepted Answer

Projective tests have been criticized for having low validity and reliability. This means that they may not accurately measure what they are intended to measure and may produce inconsistent results over time.

Question 11

Which of the following is a projective test?

Accepted Answer

The Rorschach is a projective test where individuals are shown inkblots and asked to describe what they see. The other options are not projective tests.

Question 12

Stewie has developed strong feelings for his mother and views his father as a rival for her attention.However,he is afraid that his father will find out and interfere with these plans.Stewie is clearly immersed in the __________ stage.

Accepted Answer

Stewie's feelings for his mother and rivalry with his father indicate that he is in the phallic stage of development, according to Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory. In this stage, children become aware of their own genitals and develop sexual desires towards the parent of the opposite sex. These desires are resolved through the Oedipus or Electra complex, where the child begins to identify with the same-sex parent and internalizes their values and morals. Stewie's fear of his father finding out about his feelings further indicates his involvement in this stage of development.

Question 13

Many projective assessment tools are often lacking in ____________.

Accepted Answer

Projective assessment tools often lack validity, meaning that they may not accurately measure what they intend to measure. These tools may also be subjective or lack representativeness, but validity is the most common issue associated with projective measures.

Question 14

According to the authors,the key criteria for evaluating personality assessments are:

Accepted Answer

The key criteria for evaluating personality assessments are reliability and validity. Reliability refers to the consistency of the assessment results over time and across different raters or methods, while validity refers to the degree to which the assessment measures what it is intended to measure. Significance may be important, but it is not a key criteria for evaluating personality assessments.

Question 15

If the frustration,conflict,and anxiety associated with a particular psychosexual stage are not properly resolved,Freud believed children may:

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, if the frustration, conflict, and anxiety associated with a particular psychosexual stage are not properly resolved, the individual may remain fixated, or stuck, at that stage. This fixation can lead to various psychological problems and behaviours associated with that stage throughout their adult life.

Question 16

The Oedipal complex is most likely experienced in the __________ stage.

Accepted Answer

The Oedipal complex is identified in Freud's theory as occurring during the phallic stage of psychosexual development, typically between the ages of 3-6 years old. During this stage, children become aware of their gender identity and experience unconscious sexual desire for the opposite-sex parent and rivalry with the same-sex parent.

Question 17

You notice your classmate Hannah chewing on her pencil as she takes her psychology final.Which psychosexual stage may not have been resolved?

Accepted Answer

According to psychoanalytic theory, the oral stage occurs during the first year of life, during which the infant's primary source of pleasure and tension reduction comes from oral activities, such as sucking and chewing. If this stage is not resolved successfully, the individual may develop oral fixation or orally aggressive behaviors. Chewing on pencils as an adult may be a sign of an unresolved oral stage. Therefore, the correct answer is C)oral.

Question 18

Tony has devised a test in which people look at clouds and talk about what they see.What type of test would psychologists call this?

Accepted Answer

A projective test is a type of personality test in which individuals are presented with ambiguous stimuli, such as inkblots or pictures, and asked to provide their own interpretation. In this case, the clouds are the ambiguous stimuli, and Tony is asking participants to interpret what they see in the clouds, making it a projective test.

Question 19

Which order is correct for Freud's psychosexual stages of development?

Accepted Answer

The correct order for Freud's psychosexual stages of development is Oral (0-1 years), Anal (1-3 years), Phallic (3-6 years), Latent (6-12 years), and Genital (puberty onwards). This order is reflected in choice D.

Question 20

When Anna looks at some modern artwork at the museum,she often thinks she sees human figures or faces and likes to make up stories about them.When she tells the stories to her friend,her friend says that the stories reflect Anna's unconscious thoughts.In psychological terms,what Anna does is most similar to _____________.

Accepted Answer

Anna's tendency to see human figures or faces and make up stories about them is similar to the concept of free association, which is used in projective tests such as the Rorschach inkblot test or the Thematic Apperception Test. These tests are designed to reveal unconscious thoughts and feelings. Classical conditioning, personality inventories, and the MMPI are not relevant to Anna's behavior at the museum.

Quiz 12: Personality