Question 1

People with OCD often develop ____________ in response to ______________.
A)agoraphobia; anxiety
B)anxiety; agoraphobia
C)an obsession; a specific compulsion
D)a compulsion; a specific obsession

Accepted Answer

People with OCD often develop specific compulsions in response to specific obsessions. This cycle can become repetitive and consuming, leading to significant impairment in daily functioning.

Question 2

__________ is a disorder in which a person experiences episodes of mania and depression.
A)Generalized anxiety disorder
B)Major depression
C)Bipolar disorder
D)Borderline personality disorder

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder is characterized by episodes of mania (extreme elation and energy) and depression (feelings of hopelessness and sadness). Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by persistent and excessive worrying. Major depression is a mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest in activities. Borderline personality disorder is characterized by unstable moods, behavior, and relationships.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT listed in your textbook as a risk factor for suicide during the teens and 20s?
A)easy access to lethal ways of committing suicide
B)a family history of mood disorders
C)listening to music with dark lyrics
D)an extremely stressful life event

Accepted Answer

Although listening to music with dark lyrics may have an influence on a person's mood, it is not listed as a risk factor for suicide in the textbook. The other choices, including easy access to lethal ways of committing suicide, a family history of mood disorders, and an extremely stressful life event, are all listed as risk factors.

Question 4

During the day,Barb suffers from frequent,unwanted thoughts that she has left her front door unlocked and recurrent images that all her belongings have been taken.These thoughts and images are what psychologists refer to as a
A)compulsion.
B)delusion.
C)hallucination.
D)obsession.

Accepted Answer

The description matches the symptoms of an obsession, which is a persistent and intrusive thought, image, or impulse that causes distress or anxiety.

Question 5

Each day,while Sid is sitting at his desk at work,he continually thinks about germs.Each time this occurs,he washes his hands.Sid probably suffers from
A)obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)panic disorder
C)bipolar disorder
D)generalized anxiety disorder

Accepted Answer

Sid's behavior of constantly washing his hands is a repetitive and excessive behavior driven by fears and anxiety about germs, which is a common symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

Question 6

Kayla has experienced a decrease in the need for sleep for the past three nights,is extremely talkative and sexually charged,and has been very irresponsible with money during this time.Kayla is in the midst of a(n)
A)dissociated amnesiac episode.
B)major depressive episode.
C)manic episode.
D)obsessive episode.

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are characteristic of a manic episode, which is a core feature of bipolar disorder. The decreased need for sleep, increased talkativeness, hypersexuality, and reckless behavior are all signs of manic behavior. Dissociative amnesiac episodes are characterized by memory loss, major depressive episodes involve feelings of sadness and hopelessness, and obsessive episodes involve intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors.

Question 7

A person who suffers from bipolar disorder alternates between
A)depression and mania.
B)depression and schizophrenia.
C)mania and schizophrenia.
D)anxiety and mania.

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder is characterized by episodes of depression and mania, which can be extreme mood swings. It is not related to schizophrenia or anxiety disorders.

Question 8

One biological explanation for depression is that an overactive ______________ responds strongly to emotions and sends signals that lead to a decrease in ______________ activity.
A)caudate; brainstem
B)brainstem; caudate
C)limbic system; frontal cortex
D)frontal cortex; limbic system

Accepted Answer

The limbic system (which includes structures such as the amygdala and hippocampus) is responsible for processing emotions and activating the stress response. In depression, the limbic system can become overactive and send signals that reduce activity in the frontal cortex (responsible for decision making, planning, and rational thinking).

Question 9

Prolonged periods of sadness,feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness,social withdrawal,and cognitive and physical sluggishness best describes which disorder?
A)major depression
B)OCD
C)bipolar disorder
D)DID

Accepted Answer

Prolonged periods of sadness, feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness, social withdrawal, and cognitive and physical sluggishness are all symptoms of major depression. OCD involves obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors, bipolar disorder involves periods of both mania and depression, and DID (dissociative identity disorder) involves the presence of two or more distinct personality states. None of these disorders fit the described symptoms as well as major depression.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of the "vicious cycle" of anxiety disorders?
A)a child inherits a gene for anxiety from her parents
B)a person with severe anxiety makes himself feel better by starting fights
C)a man who was sexually abused as a child develops anxiety as an adult.
D)a women with social phobia notices every little mistake she makes in front of others,which makes her more anxious.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of the vicious cycle of anxiety disorders because the woman's anxiety causes her to excessively focus on her mistakes, which in turn increases her anxiety levels and reinforces her fear of social situations. This cycle can lead to avoidance behavior and further exacerbation of anxiety symptoms.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding suicide?
A)Suicide is far more likely among men than it is among women.
B)Suicide is far more likely among children than it is among adults.
C)Adolescents are at a greater risk of suicide than the elderly.
D)Americans of Hispanic decent are at the highest risk for suicide.

Accepted Answer

Men have a higher suicide rate compared to women, as they often choose more lethal methods, leading to a higher likelihood of death from suicide attempts.

Question 12

What mood disorder is characterized by alterations between periods of extremely high levels and extremely low levels of activity?
A)bipolar disorder
B)major depression
C)OCD
D)dissociative fugue

Accepted Answer

The description provided is consistent with the symptoms of bipolar disorder, which is characterized by episodes of mania (extremely elevated mood and energy levels) and depression (extremely low mood and energy levels).

Question 13

Research into demographic differences in the rates of major depression,or clinical depression as it is often called,suggests that
A)men and woman have similar rates of diagnosis in the United States..
B)men are more likely than women to be diagnosed with the disorder in the United States.
C)men are less likely than women to be diagnosed with the disorder in the United States.
D)there are no age,gender,or racial differences in the prevalence of the disorder in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with major depression. This gender difference in diagnosis rates is a well-documented phenomenon in the field of mental health.

Question 14

Sandra is suffering from major depression.She is convinced that she will always be unhappy and her life will never change.Which of the three elements of the depressive explanatory style does this illustrate?
A)globalizing
B)internalizing
C)stabilizing
D)unstabilizing

Accepted Answer

Sandra's belief that she will always be unhappy and her life will never change illustrates the "stabilizing" element of the depressive explanatory style, which involves seeing negative events as permanent or unchangeable.

Question 15

Mr.Carpenter is constantly afraid that he is going to oversleep and be late for work.As a result,he spends nearly an hour total each night making certain that his alarm clock is correctly set and saying "It's set,it's set,it's set" each of the times he checks it.This repetitive action is what clinical psychologists refer to as a
A)compulsion.
B)delusion.
C)hallucination.
D)obsession.

Accepted Answer

Mr. Carpenter's repetitive action of checking his alarm clock and verbally confirming it is set multiple times is a compulsion. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that a person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly, often to reduce anxiety or distress.

Question 16

Which of the following is a mood disorder?
A)obsessive-compulsive disorder
B)multiple personality disorder
C)narcissistic personality disorder
D)bipolar disorder

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of mania and depression. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder, multiple personality disorder (now known as dissociative identity disorder) is a dissociative disorder, and narcissistic personality disorder is a personality disorder.

Question 17

According to your textbook,which of the following is true regarding sociocultural factors and the development of mood disorders,particularly depression?
A)Depression is caused almost exclusively by sociocultural factors.
B)Sociocultural factors do not appear to influence the development of depression.
C)Sociocultural factors interact with biological and cognitive factors to influence depression.
D)Researchers have not yet investigated the role of sociocultural factors in the development of depression.

Accepted Answer

The textbook states that sociocultural factors interact with biological and cognitive factors to influence the development of mood disorders, particularly depression. This suggests that sociocultural factors are not the sole cause of depression, but rather interact with other factors.

Question 18

Which neurotransmitters are most important in the development of mood disorders?
A)GABA,endorphins,and serotonin
B)acetylcholine,serotonin,and GABA
C)dopamine,serotonin,and norepinephrine
D)norepinephrine,acetylcholine,and serotonin

Accepted Answer

Dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine have been found to play key roles in the development of mood disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder. Dopamine is involved in pleasure and reward processing, and its dysregulation has been linked to depression. Serotonin is important for regulating mood and is often the target of antidepressant medications. Norepinephrine is involved in the body's stress response and has also been linked to depression.

Question 19

Sierra is constantly worried that everyone whom she comes in contact with is full of germs,so she is constantly rushing off to wash her hands.Sierra may suffer from which psychological disorder?
A)clinical depression
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder
C)social phobia
D)paranoid schizophrenia

Accepted Answer

Sierra's behavior of constantly washing her hands is a common symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). People with OCD have persistent, unwanted thoughts or obsessions and feel compelled to engage in repetitive behaviors or compulsions to alleviate their anxiety. In Sierra's case, her fear of germs and constant hand washing is a compulsion to alleviate her obsession with cleanliness and fear of contamination.

Question 20

The depressive explanatory style is characterized by which three elements?
A)externalizing,unstabilizing,globalizing
B)internalizing,stabilizing,globalizing
C)externalizing,stabilizing,localizing
D)internalizing,unstabilizing,localizing

Accepted Answer

The depressive explanatory style involves internalizing (blaming oneself), stabilizing (believing the cause of the negative event will continue to affect future outcomes), and globalizing (seeing the cause of the negative event as affecting many aspects of life).

Quiz 13: Psychological Disorders

People with OCD often develop in response to __.

__________ is a disorder in which a person experiences episodes of mania and depression.

Which of the following is NOT listed in your textbook as a risk factor for suicide during the teens and 20s?

During the day,Barb suffers from frequent,unwanted thoughts that she has left her front door unlocked and recurrent images that all her belongings have been taken.These thoughts and images are what psychologists refer to as a

Each day,while Sid is sitting at his desk at work,he continually thinks about germs.Each time this occurs,he washes his hands.Sid probably suffers from

Kayla has experienced a decrease in the need for sleep for the past three nights,is extremely talkative and sexually charged,and has been very irresponsible with money during this time.Kayla is in the midst of a(n)

A person who suffers from bipolar disorder alternates between

One biological explanation for depression is that an overactive responds strongly to emotions and sends signals that lead to a decrease in activity.

Prolonged periods of sadness,feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness,social withdrawal,and cognitive and physical sluggishness best describes which disorder?

Which of the following is an example of the "vicious cycle" of anxiety disorders?

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding suicide?

What mood disorder is characterized by alterations between periods of extremely high levels and extremely low levels of activity?

Research into demographic differences in the rates of major depression,or clinical depression as it is often called,suggests that

Sandra is suffering from major depression.She is convinced that she will always be unhappy and her life will never change.Which of the three elements of the depressive explanatory style does this illustrate?

Which of the following is a mood disorder?

According to your textbook,which of the following is true regarding sociocultural factors and the development of mood disorders,particularly depression?

Which neurotransmitters are most important in the development of mood disorders?

Sierra is constantly worried that everyone whom she comes in contact with is full of germs,so she is constantly rushing off to wash her hands.Sierra may suffer from which psychological disorder?

The depressive explanatory style is characterized by which three elements?