Question 1

Which theoretical approach claims that rich nations of the world are "overdeveloped" while poor nations are "underdeveloped"?
A)modernization theory
B)dependency theory
C)both modernization theory and dependency theory
D)neither modernization theory nor dependency theory

Accepted Answer

Dependency theory claims that rich nations of the world are "overdeveloped" while poor nations are "underdeveloped" due to a historical and ongoing pattern of unequal power relations and exploitation between them. This theory argues that the economic development of rich nations has been built on the underdevelopment of poor nations, which have been primarily used as sources of cheap labor, raw materials, and markets for finished goods. Therefore, according to dependency theory, poverty in poor nations is not caused by lack of development but rather by the exploitation and domination of their resources and economies by rich nations.

Question 2

Taken together, the sociological approaches to global poverty show us that poverty is
A)partly an issue of production.
B)partly a political issue.
C)a problem that threatens world peace.
D)All of these are correct.

Accepted Answer

The sociological approaches to global poverty consider poverty to be partly an issue of production, partly a political issue, and a problem that threatens world peace. Therefore, all of the choices are correct.

Question 3

What are the four stages of Walt Rostow's modernization theory? What is "modernization?" Explain each stage and how it brings a society closer to the goal of modernization.

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Question 4

According to modernization theory, what are the four ways in which rich nations assist poor nations in economic development? Provide a specific example of a policy that the United States would employ to advance each type of assistance.

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Question 5

Explain Rostow's stages of modernization theory.Explain the history of the United States in these terms, being as specific as you can about when this country entered each stage of development.

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Question 6

Over the course of the last century, the extent of global economic inequality has
A)decreased sharply.
B)stayed about the same.
C)increased.
D)become smaller, but not by much.

Accepted Answer

The extent of global economic inequality has increased over the last century, with the richest people in the world holding an increasingly disproportionate amount of the world's wealth. While there have been efforts to address this issue through policies like progressive taxation and wealth redistribution, this trend has continued to persist in recent years.

Question 7

Describe the problem of slavery in the world.What is the extent of the problem? What different kinds of slavery are there? What part does poverty play in causing and perpetuating slavery?

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Question 8

How does neocolonialism differ from colonialism? Describe the operation of each system.

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Question 9

State the basic ideas of modernization theory.Provide several criticisms of this approach.

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Question 10

Describe the distribution of income for the world as a whole.How does this distribution compare to income inequality in the United States?

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Question 11

Identify and define four types of slavery found in today's world.

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Question 12

In an essay, analyze the difference economic development makes by describing the differences that distinguish high-income nations, middle-income nations, and low-income nations.Consider population size, land area, typical patterns of work, urban and rural residence, gender equality, and the extent of poverty.

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Question 13

The global region that has made the greatest strides out of poverty is
A)Asia.
B)Africa.
C)Latin America.
D)All of these are correct.

Accepted Answer

According to data from the World Bank, Asia has made the greatest strides out of poverty in recent years. In 1990, over half of the population in Asia lived in poverty, but by 2015, less than 10% lived in extreme poverty (defined as living on less than $1.90 per day). This progress can largely be attributed to economic growth and development in countries like China, India, and Vietnam. While Africa and Latin America have also made progress in reducing poverty, it has been at a slower pace compared to Asia.

Question 14

State the basic ideas of dependency theory.Provide several criticisms of this approach.

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Question 15

With regard to dependency theory, explain exactly how poor nations are dependent on rich nations.

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Question 16

How does global poverty differ from poverty in the United States? Which involves more people? Which is more serious? Why?

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Question 17

How would modernization theory explain the increasing economic inequality in the world over the last century? How would dependency theory explain the increasing economic inequality?

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Question 18

One criticism of dependency theory is that it
A)lacks a historical focus.
B)has little to say about the role of rich countries.
C)blames poor countries for their own poverty.
D)treats global wealth as a zero-sum so that one country benefits only at the expense of another.

Accepted Answer

Dependency theory posits that the wealth of developed nations is based on the poverty of developing countries, suggesting a zero-sum game where the prosperity of the former comes at the expense of the latter. This perspective emphasizes the unequal relationships between nations, particularly how the wealth of developed countries can be directly tied to the exploitation or underdevelopment of poorer nations.

Question 19

What is the difference between relative poverty and absolute poverty? Which is a more dangerous type of poverty? Why?

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Question 20

With regard to the role of rich nations, dependency theory
A)agrees with modernization theory.
B)urges rich nations to invest in poor countries.
C)claims rich nations are to blame for global poverty.
D)claims rich nations prevent poor countries from "growing for export."

Accepted Answer

Dependency theory believes that rich nations are to blame for global poverty because their exploitation of resources and labor in poor countries prevents them from developing sustainably. Dependency theory argues that poor countries are trapped in a cycle of dependency on rich nations for economic development and cannot escape without a fundamental change in the global economic system.

Quiz 12: Global Stratification

Which theoretical approach claims that rich nations of the world are "overdeveloped" while poor nations are "underdeveloped"?

Taken together, the sociological approaches to global poverty show us that poverty is