Question 1

In laboratory experiments,a recorder,which consists of a moving strip of paper and a mechanical pen,is connected to a Skinner box.Rapid responding by the animal in this experiment will cause the pen on the recorder to
A)draw a steep line.
B)draw a horizontal line.
C)draw small tick marks.
D)leave empty spaces.

Accepted Answer

A steep line on the recorder indicates that the animal is responding rapidly, which is the desired outcome in this experiment. A horizontal line would indicate no response, while small tick marks or empty spaces would indicate slower and less consistent responses.

Question 2

Elaine is reinforced with a gold star for every math problem on her worksheet that she correctly completes.This is an example of
A)the partial reinforcement effect.
B)a variable interval schedule.
C)a fixed ratio schedule.
D)continuous reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Elaine is reinforced with a gold star...

Question 3

By a continuous reinforcement schedule,we mean that
A)reinforcements occur continuously regardless of the subject's behavior.
B)responding without pausing is the requirement for reinforcement.
C)each correct response is reinforced.
D)reinforcement continues even when errors are made.

Accepted Answer

A continuous reinforcement schedule means that every correct response is reinforced. This differs from partial reinforcement schedules where only some correct responses are reinforced.

Question 4

Compared to continuous reinforcement,partial reinforcement
A)is more resistant to extinction.
B)makes a response weaker.
C)involves reinforcing some correct and some incorrect responses.
D)involves reinforcing every correct response,but not the incorrect ones.

Accepted Answer

Partial reinforcement means that not every correct response is reinforced, which can make behavior less consistent and more variable. However, it also means that the behavior is less likely to become extinct if reinforcement stops, because the intermittent reinforcement makes the behavior more resistant to extinction.

Question 5

If you want to teach your new puppy to come to you when you call him,it would be best to start out reinforcing your dog on which schedule of reinforcement?
A)fixed ratio
B)continuous
C)intermittent
D)variable interval

Accepted Answer

When teaching a new behavior, it is best to reinforce on a continuous schedule in order to establish the behavior. This means giving a reward every time the behavior is performed correctly. Once the behavior is established, you can switch to an intermittent schedule in order to maintain the behavior. However, when teaching a new behavior such as coming when called, it is important to first establish the behavior before moving to an intermittent schedule.

Question 6

On a recorder that has a moving strip of paper and a mechanical pen connected to a Skinner box,no response by the animal would be indicated by a(n)
A)steep line.
B)horizontal line.
C)small tick marks.
D)empty space.

Accepted Answer

A horizontal line would indicate no response by the animal, as the pen would not move and there would be no marks on the paper.

Question 7

Responses that are not always followed by reinforcement tend to become more and more resistant to extinction,according to the
A)reinforcement-generalization effect.
B)partial reinforcement effect.
C)Skinner phenomenon.
D)reward-extinction corollary.

Accepted Answer

The partial reinforcement effect refers to the phenomenon where behaviors that are only reinforced occasionally are more resistant to extinction than behaviors that are reinforced consistently. As a result, the response is more likely to persist even if reinforcement is removed or reduced. This principle is often used in behavior modification techniques to maintain behaviors for longer periods of time. The other answer choices are not established concepts in the field of behaviorism.

Question 8

Which schedule of reinforcement would be most useful when a person or animal is initially learning new responses?
A)fixed ratio
B)fixed interval
C)intermittent
D)continuous

Accepted Answer

Continuous reinforcement would be best when a person or animal is initially learning new responses because it involves reinforcing the desired behavior every time it occurs, leading to faster and more consistent learning. The other options (fixed ratio, fixed interval, intermittent) involve providing reinforcement only after certain criteria are met, which may not be as effective in facilitating new learning.

Question 9

When the reinforcer does not follow every response but occurs after a number of responses have been made or after a passage of time,you are using which reinforcement schedule?
A)continuous
B)secondary
C)partial
D)semi-continual

Accepted Answer

This is describing a partial reinforcement schedule where the reinforcer does not occur after every response.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a partial schedule of reinforcement?
A)fixed ratio
B)fixed interval
C)variable ratio
D)continuous interval

Accepted Answer

Partial schedules of reinforcement refer to the different ways in which behavior can be reinforced based on either the number of responses or the time elapsed since the last reinforcement. Options A, B and C are all examples of partial schedules of reinforcement, where the behavior is reinforced after a fixed or variable number of responses or after a fixed or variable amount of time has elapsed. Option D, continuous interval, is not a partial schedule of reinforcement as it implies that the behavior is reinforced every single time it occurs. This would be an example of continuous reinforcement.

Question 11

Schedules of reinforcement are defined as the
A)types of reinforcers used,whether primary or secondary.
B)effects of reinforcers used,whether positive or negative.
C)plans for determining which responses will be reinforced.
D)informational feedback provided by the reinforcers used.

Accepted Answer

Schedules of reinforcement refer to the specific plans or patterns for delivering reinforcement to a behavior. They determine which responses will be reinforced and how often. Different schedules of reinforcement include continuous reinforcement (reinforcing every instance of a behavior), fixed ratio (reinforcing after a set number of responses), variable ratio (reinforcing after an unpredictable number of responses), fixed interval (reinforcing after a set amount of time has passed since the last reinforcement), and variable interval (reinforcing after an unpredictable amount of time has passed since the last reinforcement).

Question 12

The reinforcer follows every correct response in which reinforcement schedule?
A)intermittent
B)partial
C)comprehensive
D)continuous

Accepted Answer

In continuous reinforcement schedule, the reinforcer is provided after every correct response, making it the best choice for this scenario.

Question 13

In laboratory experiments,a recorder that has a moving strip of paper and a mechanical pen is connected to a Skinner box.When reinforcers are given to the animal,they are indicated on the paper by
A)steep lines.
B)horizontal lines.
C)small tick marks.
D)empty spaces.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In laboratory experiments,a recorder that has a...

Question 14

Philip is in the third grade,and he is reinforced by his mother with a quarter for every "A" he makes on a test,quiz,homework,or class work assignment he brings home.This reinforcement of Phillip's grades illustrates which of the following?
A)the partial reinforcement effect
B)a variable interval schedule
C)continuous reinforcement
D)a fixed ratio schedule

Accepted Answer

The answer of Philip is in the third grade,and he...

Question 15

In daily life,learning is usually based on a pattern of reinforcement,in which only a portion of all responses are reinforced.This pattern is referred to as _______ reinforcement.
A)incongruent
B)conditional
C)partial
D)semi-continual

Accepted Answer

Partial reinforcement is a pattern of reinforcement where only some responses are reinforced. This differs from continuous reinforcement, where every response is reinforced.

Question 16

Plans for determining which responses will be reinforced are known as
A)schedules of reinforcement.
B)successive approximations.
C)token economies.
D)programmed instruction.

Accepted Answer

Schedules of reinforcement refer to the specific timing and frequency of reinforcement that is used to shape and reinforce behavior. It is a plan that outlines when and under what conditions a behavior will be reinforced, and can be used to maximize the effectiveness of reinforcement. Successive approximations, token economies, and programmed instruction are all related to behavior modification, but do not specifically address the plans for determining which responses will be reinforced.

Question 17

Which schedule of reinforcement may have long periods of nonreward that make it harder to discriminate between periods of reinforcement and extinction?
A)secondary
B)partial
C)continuous
D)conditional

Accepted Answer

Partial reinforcement schedules involve providing reinforcement only some of the time, which can lead to longer periods without reinforcement. This can make it harder for the individual to discriminate between periods of reinforcement and extinction, as they are not consistently receiving reward.

Question 18

When people engage in various forms of gambling,they can play these "games of chance" uninterrupted for long periods of time because they are being reinforced on which type of reinforcement schedule?
A)partial
B)continuous
C)fixed interval
D)fixed ratio

Accepted Answer

A partial reinforcement schedule involves reinforcing a behavior only some of the time, rather than constantly. This type of reinforcement schedule tends to lead to behaviors that are more resistant to extinction, meaning that the behavior persists even when reinforcement becomes less frequent or stops altogether. In the case of gambling, the intermittent reinforcement of occasional wins encourages the person to continue playing even when they are not winning, because they believe that a win could come at any moment. This is why gambling behavior is often described as "addictive" - the intermittent rewards keep people engaged in the behavior for longer than they might otherwise be.

Question 19

Continuous reinforcement means that the person will be reinforced
A)for every correct or incorrect response.
B)for every correct response.
C)every day that the schedule is being used.
D)continually until the person satiates.

Accepted Answer

Continuous reinforcement means that every correct response will be reinforced. Incorrect responses are not reinforced.

Question 20

According to the partial reinforcement effect,acquiring a response through partial reinforcement makes the response
A)weaker.
B)easier to learn.
C)more resistant to extinction.
D)less resistant to extinction.

Accepted Answer

The partial reinforcement effect states that a behavior learned through partial reinforcement is more resistant to extinction than a behavior learned through continuous reinforcement. This means that the response is not weakened but rather strengthened and more likely to persist despite a lack of reinforcement.

Quiz 31: Conditioning and Learning: Reinforcement and Punishment

In laboratory experiments,a recorder,which consists of a moving strip of paper and a mechanical pen,is connected to a Skinner box.Rapid responding by the animal in this experiment will cause the pen on the recorder to

Elaine is reinforced with a gold star for every math problem on her worksheet that she correctly completes.This is an example of

By a continuous reinforcement schedule,we mean that

Compared to continuous reinforcement,partial reinforcement

If you want to teach your new puppy to come to you when you call him,it would be best to start out reinforcing your dog on which schedule of reinforcement?

On a recorder that has a moving strip of paper and a mechanical pen connected to a Skinner box,no response by the animal would be indicated by a(n)

Responses that are not always followed by reinforcement tend to become more and more resistant to extinction,according to the

Which schedule of reinforcement would be most useful when a person or animal is initially learning new responses?

When the reinforcer does not follow every response but occurs after a number of responses have been made or after a passage of time,you are using which reinforcement schedule?

Which of the following is NOT a partial schedule of reinforcement?

Schedules of reinforcement are defined as the

The reinforcer follows every correct response in which reinforcement schedule?

In laboratory experiments,a recorder that has a moving strip of paper and a mechanical pen is connected to a Skinner box.When reinforcers are given to the animal,they are indicated on the paper by

Philip is in the third grade,and he is reinforced by his mother with a quarter for every "A" he makes on a test,quiz,homework,or class work assignment he brings home.This reinforcement of Phillip's grades illustrates which of the following?

In daily life,learning is usually based on a pattern of reinforcement,in which only a portion of all responses are reinforced.This pattern is referred to as _______ reinforcement.

Plans for determining which responses will be reinforced are known as

Which schedule of reinforcement may have long periods of nonreward that make it harder to discriminate between periods of reinforcement and extinction?

When people engage in various forms of gambling,they can play these "games of chance" uninterrupted for long periods of time because they are being reinforced on which type of reinforcement schedule?

Continuous reinforcement means that the person will be reinforced

According to the partial reinforcement effect,acquiring a response through partial reinforcement makes the response