Question 1

Eighteen­year­old Marie has gained weight since starting college because she tends to eat with her friends at "all­ you­can­eat" buffets near campus.Her weight gain is most likely due in this case to

Accepted Answer

Marie's weight gain is due to external eating cues, specifically the availability of all-you-can-eat buffets near campus. This suggests that her eating habits are influenced by external factors rather than her own internal set point or basal metabolism. Depression is not mentioned as a factor in this scenario.

Question 2

Emotions,such as anxiety,anger,or sadness,often cause peole with weight problems to

Accepted Answer

Emotions, such as anxiety, anger, or sadness can lead to overeating as a coping mechanism, which can lead to weight problems. Therefore, the best choice would be A) overeat.

Question 3

If you eat more when food is highly visible and plentiful,then you are being influenced by

Accepted Answer

External eating cues, such as the sight and availability of food, can trigger the desire to eat even if one is not physiologically hungry. This is known as the "stimulus-bound" eating behavior and can lead to overeating and weight gain.

Question 4

Many cancer patients suffer taste aversions long after the nausea of their drug treatments has passed.These lasting taste aversions are acquired through

Accepted Answer

Taste aversions that persist long after nausea from drug treatments have passed are generally acquired through classical conditioning. This occurs when a neutral taste becomes associated with the unpleasant feeling of nausea, leading to an aversion to that taste in the future. Operant conditioning, latent learning, and observational learning are not typically involved in the formation of taste aversions in medical contexts.

Question 5

Taste aversions develop through

Accepted Answer

Taste aversions are learned through classical conditioning, where a negative response (such as nausea or illness) is associated with the taste of a particular food or drink. This can result in a strong aversion to that taste in the future, even if the negative response was unrelated to the food itself.

Question 6

Taste aversions are a type of classical conditioning,and if there is a long delay between the CS and US,conditioning is usually prevented.The fact that people and animals can develop taste aversions,even though sickness occurs long after eating,indicates that

Accepted Answer

The fact that taste aversions can develop even though sickness occurs long after eating suggests that there is a biological tendency to associate sickness with any food eaten earlier, rather than conditioning based on a temporal relationship between the CS and US. This is supported by research on conditioned taste aversions that shows that even when the taste and sickness are separated by hours, or even days, the association can still occur.

Question 7

Concerning how taste and taste aversions are related to hunger,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Taste aversions are developed through classical conditioning, not operant conditioning. This is a learned response where an individual associates the taste of a certain food with an unpleasant experience, such as nausea.

Question 8

Your friend Janie keeps going on these "fad" diets and each time has gained back even more weight.You should warn her that radical diets may even raise which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Radical diets can cause the body to lower its set point for fat, making it easier to gain weight back and potentially even gaining more weight than before.

Question 9

There is a rare genetic defect in which a person becomes obese because he or she has reduced levels of

Accepted Answer

Leptin is known as the "satiety hormone" and is produced by fat cells. It sends signals to the hypothalamus in the brain, which regulates hunger and appetite. Low levels of leptin can lead to overeating and obesity. This rare genetic defect is known as Leptin deficiency syndrome.

Question 10

If you go on a fad diet and eat only grapefruit,you will eventually begin to feel ill.In time,associating your discomfort with grapefruit may restore nutritional balance to your diet by creating

Accepted Answer

A taste aversion is a learned avoidance of a particular food. In this case, the discomfort caused by the fad diet may cause the individual to associate the negative feelings with grapefruit, resulting in a taste aversion. This can help restore a more balanced and varied diet as the individual avoids relying solely on one food. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment and is not related to this situation. Acquired anorexia is a psychological disorder and is not the result of a taste aversion. Systematic desensitization is a type of therapy used to treat phobias and anxiety disorders and is not relevant to this scenario.

Question 11

Vending machines display the food they sell because many people are sensitive to

Accepted Answer

External eating cues can influence people's food choices and consumption. By displaying food in vending machines, people may be more likely to make impulsive purchases based on visual cues rather than internal feelings of hunger or fullness.

Question 12

Sol became very ill after eating bran muffins.The next time he sees bran muffins,he experiences nausea by just looking at them.Sol's taste aversion is an example of

Accepted Answer

Sol's taste aversion is a learned response to the bran muffins, which was acquired through classical conditioning. The sight or thought of bran muffins now triggers the same aversive response that Sol experienced after eating them. This is a classic example of how conditioned stimuli can elicit conditioned responses. Option A (an instinct) is incorrect as Sol's response was learned, not innate. Option B (an incentive) is incorrect as there is no indication that Sol has any motivation or desire to either seek or avoid bran muffins. Option D (operant conditioning) is incorrect as Sol's response is not the result of any reinforcement or punishment that followed his behavior, but rather a conditioned response to a specific stimulus.

Question 13

When you are full,you tend to lose your "sweet tooth" because which substance dulls the tongue's sensitivity to sweet tastes?

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a hormone produced by fat cells that signals the brain to reduce appetite and increase energy expenditure. When you are full and have plenty of leptin in your system, it dulls the tongue's sensitivity to sweet tastes, causing you to lose your "sweet tooth."

Question 14

An active dislike for a particular food is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

An active dislike for a particular food is known as taste aversion. Acquired anorexia is a loss of appetite due to an underlying medical or psychological condition. Psychosomatic illness refers to physical symptoms that are caused or exacerbated by psychological factors. Hypochondrial illness, also known as hypochondria, is a condition in which a person is excessively worried about having a serious illness despite minimal or no symptoms.

Question 15

Regarding factors that influence eating,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that overeating a certain food may actually lead to a reduced desire for that food, rather than an increased desire to eat it habitually. This phenomenon is known as sensory-specific satiety.

Question 16

If a particular food causes sickness,or simply precedes sickness caused by something else,which of the following may result?

Accepted Answer

A learned taste aversion occurs when an individual associates a particular food with sickness or nausea, and subsequently avoids that food in the future. This is a natural defense mechanism designed to prevent the individual from consuming harmful or toxic substances. An acquired anorexia refers to a loss of appetite or aversion to food in general, rather than specific foods. A psychosomatic illness is a physical condition that is caused or exacerbated by psychological factors. A hypochondrial illness refers to an individual's preoccupation or obsession with their health, which may lead to the perception of symptoms that are not actually present.

Question 17

Susan has been undergoing chemotherapy.Because the drugs used in this treatment cause nausea,Susan may experience

Accepted Answer

Chemotherapy drugs can cause nausea and vomiting, which can lead to a taste aversion in some patients. This means that they develop a dislike for certain foods or flavors that they associate with the nausea. Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment, which is not associated with chemotherapy-induced nausea. Bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa are eating disorders that are not directly related to chemotherapy treatment.

Question 18

Emotional distress that sometimes occurs as a result of being obese makes weight control difficult because it often leads to

Accepted Answer

Emotional distress often leads to overeating as a way of coping with negative emotions. Therefore, additional overeating is the most likely consequence of emotional distress due to obesity.

Question 19

Regarding factors that influence eating,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a hormone associated with reducing hunger and increasing feelings of satiety, not enhancing the tongue's sensitivity to sweet tastes.

Question 20

Cultural values influence hunger primarily by affecting

Accepted Answer

Cultural values influence the incentive value of various foods, meaning that certain foods may be deemed more desirable or acceptable based on cultural beliefs and practices. For example, in some cultures, meat is highly valued and considered a staple food, while in others vegetarianism is the norm. These cultural beliefs and practices can influence food choices and hunger responses.

Quiz 43: Motivation and Emotion: Motivation in Detail

Eighteenyearold Marie has gained weight since starting college because she tends to eat with her friends at "all youcaneat" buffets near campus.Her weight gain is most likely due in this case to

Emotions,such as anxiety,anger,or sadness,often cause peole with weight problems to

If you eat more when food is highly visible and plentiful,then you are being influenced by

Many cancer patients suffer taste aversions long after the nausea of their drug treatments has passed.These lasting taste aversions are acquired through

Taste aversions develop through

Taste aversions are a type of classical conditioning,and if there is a long delay between the CS and US,conditioning is usually prevented.The fact that people and animals can develop taste aversions,even though sickness occurs long after eating,indicates that

Concerning how taste and taste aversions are related to hunger,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Your friend Janie keeps going on these "fad" diets and each time has gained back even more weight.You should warn her that radical diets may even raise which of the following?

There is a rare genetic defect in which a person becomes obese because he or she has reduced levels of

If you go on a fad diet and eat only grapefruit,you will eventually begin to feel ill.In time,associating your discomfort with grapefruit may restore nutritional balance to your diet by creating

Vending machines display the food they sell because many people are sensitive to

Sol became very ill after eating bran muffins.The next time he sees bran muffins,he experiences nausea by just looking at them.Sol's taste aversion is an example of

When you are full,you tend to lose your "sweet tooth" because which substance dulls the tongue's sensitivity to sweet tastes?

An active dislike for a particular food is known as a(n)

Regarding factors that influence eating,which of the following statements is FALSE?

If a particular food causes sickness,or simply precedes sickness caused by something else,which of the following may result?

Susan has been undergoing chemotherapy.Because the drugs used in this treatment cause nausea,Susan may experience

Emotional distress that sometimes occurs as a result of being obese makes weight control difficult because it often leads to

Regarding factors that influence eating,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Cultural values influence hunger primarily by affecting

Quiz 43: Motivation and Emotion: Motivation in Detail

Eighteen­year­old Marie has gained weight since starting college because she tends to eat with her friends at "all­ you­can­eat" buffets near campus.Her weight gain is most likely due in this case to

Emotions,such as anxiety,anger,or sadness,often cause peole with weight problems to

If you eat more when food is highly visible and plentiful,then you are being influenced by

Many cancer patients suffer taste aversions long after the nausea of their drug treatments has passed.These lasting taste aversions are acquired through

Taste aversions develop through

Taste aversions are a type of classical conditioning,and if there is a long delay between the CS and US,conditioning is usually prevented.The fact that people and animals can develop taste aversions,even though sickness occurs long after eating,indicates that

Concerning how taste and taste aversions are related to hunger,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Your friend Janie keeps going on these "fad" diets and each time has gained back even more weight.You should warn her that radical diets may even raise which of the following?

There is a rare genetic defect in which a person becomes obese because he or she has reduced levels of

If you go on a fad diet and eat only grapefruit,you will eventually begin to feel ill.In time,associating your discomfort with grapefruit may restore nutritional balance to your diet by creating

Vending machines display the food they sell because many people are sensitive to

Sol became very ill after eating bran muffins.The next time he sees bran muffins,he experiences nausea by just looking at them.Sol's taste aversion is an example of

When you are full,you tend to lose your "sweet tooth" because which substance dulls the tongue's sensitivity to sweet tastes?

An active dislike for a particular food is known as a(n)

Regarding factors that influence eating,which of the following statements is FALSE?

If a particular food causes sickness,or simply precedes sickness caused by something else,which of the following may result?

Susan has been undergoing chemotherapy.Because the drugs used in this treatment cause nausea,Susan may experience

Emotional distress that sometimes occurs as a result of being obese makes weight control difficult because it often leads to

Regarding factors that influence eating,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Cultural values influence hunger primarily by affecting

Eighteenyearold Marie has gained weight since starting college because she tends to eat with her friends at "all youcaneat" buffets near campus.Her weight gain is most likely due in this case to