Raymond Cattell measured the visible features of personality, which he called surface traits, and found that these traits clustered together to form more basic traits, which he called source traits.

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Raymond Cattell's theory of personality focused on identifying and measuring the underlying factors of personality. He distinguished between surface traits, which are the observable qualities of personality, and source traits, which are the deeper, more fundamental aspects of personality that give rise to surface traits. Through factor analysis, he identified 16 primary source traits that he believed form the basis of human personality.

Raymond Cattell Measured the Visible Features of Personality, Which He