Question 1

Brown v.Board of Education overturned the __________ doctrine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Brown v.Board of Education overturned the __________...

Question 2

The admissions office at a public university could likely establish a permissible affirmative action policy that awards minority students by bumping up their SAT score by 100 points.

Accepted Answer

Affirmative action policies in admissions can consider race among many factors to promote diversity, but directly manipulating standardized test scores based on race would not be permissible as it could be considered discriminatory and not in line with the principles of equal treatment under the law.

Question 3

__________ upheld the right of private individuals-but not government-to discriminate in the provision of public accommodations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ upheld the right of private individuals-but...

Question 4

Reconstruction was the era of racial healing that followed the civil rights movement.

Accepted Answer

Reconstruction was actually the era immediately following the Civil War when the nation attempted to rebuild and bring the Confederate states back into the Union. It lasted from 1865 to 1877 and included efforts to ensure equal rights for newly freed African Americans. However, Reconstruction ultimately failed to achieve its goals and instead led to continued discrimination and segregation for many years to come. The Civil Rights Movement, which occurred nearly a century later in the 1950s and 1960s, sought to address these issues and bring about real racial healing and equality.

Question 5

The Supreme Court has prohibited school districts from using race when determining which students will attend which schools.

Accepted Answer

In the 2007 case Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1, the Supreme Court ruled that school districts cannot use race as the sole determining factor in assigning students to schools. However, race can still be considered as one factor among many in achieving diverse student populations.

Question 6

The constitutionality of a law establishing a public elementary school open only to African American students from poor neighborhoods would be determined by the Supreme Court's application of the __________ standard of review.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The constitutionality of a law establishing a...

Question 7

The Supreme Court has ruled that the government cannot set aside a certain percentage of its contracts for minority contractors.

Accepted Answer

In the 1989 case City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co., the Supreme Court ruled that setting aside contracts based on race or ethnicity was unconstitutional unless there was evidence of past discrimination and a narrowly tailored plan to remedy that discrimination. Therefore, the government cannot simply set aside a certain percentage of contracts for minority contractors without meeting these criteria.

Question 8

In 1964,Congress passed the __________ to help keep the promise of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In 1964,Congress passed the __________ to help...

Question 9

__________ programs are designed to help remedy continued inequality by giving special treatment to members of previously discriminated-against groups.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ programs are designed to help remedy...

Question 10

Rosa Parks's refusal to give up her seat on a public bus was an act of __________ that led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rosa Parks's refusal to give up her...

Question 11

The passage of the Equal Rights Amendment has helped ensure women's equality in the workplace.

Accepted Answer

The Equal Rights Amendment was first passed by Congress in 1972 but it has not been ratified by the required number of states to become a part of the U.S. Constitution. Therefore, it has not directly contributed to ensuring women's equality in the workplace. However, other laws and movements such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Title IX, and the feminist movement have helped progress women's rights in the workplace.

Question 12

The Emancipation Proclamation completely eliminated the institution of slavery in the United States.

Accepted Answer

The Emancipation Proclamation only freed slaves in the Confederate states, but did not completely eliminate slavery in the United States. The 13th Amendment to the Constitution, ratified in 1865, officially abolished slavery throughout the entire country.

Question 13

Since the 1950s,the Supreme Court has gradually eliminated virtually all de facto segregation and discrimination in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Although the Supreme Court made significant progress in the fight against segregation and discrimination in the 1950s and 1960s (such as in the Brown v. Board of Education case), there are still ongoing challenges and issues with de facto segregation and discrimination in various aspects of American society.

Question 14

Because of the Supreme Court's decision in Regents of the University of California v.Bakke,an affirmative action program that uses racial __________ would likely be deemed unconstitutional.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Because of the Supreme Court's decision in...

Question 15

Jim Crow laws required __________ of African Americans and whites.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jim Crow laws required __________ of African...

Question 16

Even though the Hispanic population is fairly small,they earned their civil rights earlier and more completely than did African Americans.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. While the Hispanic population did make significant strides in the civil rights movement, African Americans faced much more systemic and institutional racism and discrimination, leading to a longer and continuing struggle for their civil rights.

Question 17

According to Figure 15.5,women typically earn about eighty percent of what men earn.

Accepted Answer

According to the statement, women typically earn about eighty percent of what men earn, which implies that they earn less than men on average. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 18

The __________ was enacted in 1990 and is designed to protect the civil rights of disabled Americans.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________ was enacted in 1990 and...

Question 19

The focus of the __________ was to establish women's right to vote.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The focus of the __________ was to...

Question 20

Gender classifications are evaluated by the Supreme Court using the strict scrutiny standard to ensure that it is necessary to accomplish a permissible state goal and is the least restrictive way to reach that goal.

Accepted Answer

Gender classifications are evaluated using the intermediate scrutiny standard, which requires that laws or policies be substantially related to an important government objective, not the strict scrutiny standard which is the highest level of judicial review.

Quiz 15: Politics and Civil Rights