Question 1

All things being practically equal, if the energy content in gasoline were doubled, then the distance a car should travel per liter of gasoline should

Accepted Answer

The energy content of gasoline is directly proportional to the distance a car can travel per liter of gasoline. Doubling the energy content would double the distance traveled. The power produced by combustion is directly proportional to the energy content of the fuel. Doubling the energy content would double the power produced.

Question 2

Figure T-3
 
-The 50-kg stuntman places a 50-kg uniform 6-meter plank on top of a skyscraper and stands on the tip of it that overhangs the building as shown. What is the approximate distance that the overhang can be extended without disaster?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Figure T-3
 
-The 50-kg stuntman places a...

Question 3

Figure E-4
 
-The center of gravity for each truck is marked X. Which truck(s)will tip over?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Figure E-4
 
-The center of gravity for...

Question 4

Figure G-1
 
-Pretend an object is set sliding on a huge frictionless plane in contact with the surface of Earth as shown. Once the object is set in motion it will

Accepted Answer

The answer of Figure G-1
 
-Pretend an object is set...

Question 5

Figure E-2
 
-A pendulum bob swings to and fro as shown in the sketch. The kinetic energy of the bob

Accepted Answer

The answer of Figure E-2
 
-A pendulum bob swings to...

Question 6

A golf ball moving forward with 1 unit of momentum strikes a heavy bowling ball that is initially at rest. After the golf ball bounces backward, the bowling ball is in motion with a momentum that must be

Accepted Answer

The answer of A golf ball moving forward with 1...

Question 7

A very massive body A and a less massive body B move toward each other under the influence of gravity. Compared to the force on A, the force on B is

Accepted Answer

The answer of A very massive body A and a...

Question 8

Figure T-2
 
-The heavy boy and light girl are balanced on the seesaw. If they both move inward so that each is exactly half the original distance from the pivot, then the

Accepted Answer

The answer of Figure T-2
 
-The heavy boy and light...

Question 9

Jocko the clown at the top of a tall flagpole has considerable potential energy relative to the circus net below. After stepping off the pole and neglecting air resistance, his potential energy when he is half way to the net is

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is proportional to height, so at half the height, potential energy is half the amount at the top. Kinetic energy is equal to potential energy at the half-way point.

Question 10

A woman standing on the surface of Earth has a mass of 70 kg and a weight of 700 N. If instead she is floating freely inside a non-rotating space habitat far from Earth, her mass would be

Accepted Answer

Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, and it is independent of the object's location. Weight, on the other hand, is a measure of the force of gravity acting on an object, and it depends on both the object's mass and the strength of the gravitational field in which it is located. In the absence of gravity, an object's weight would be zero, but its mass would remain the same.

Question 11

If the mass of Earth somehow increased with no change in radius, your weight would

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the mass of Earth somehow increased...

Question 12

Figure E-1
 
-A marble rolls back and forth along the path shown. When it is at position B, its kinetic energy is

Accepted Answer

The answer of Figure E-1
 
-A marble rolls back and...

Question 13

As a spaceship nears the Moon, its mass

Accepted Answer

The answer of As a spaceship nears the Moon, its...

Question 14

Earth and the Moon are attracted to each other by gravitational force. The more-massive Earth attracts the less-massive Moon with a force

Accepted Answer

The answer of Earth and the Moon are attracted to...

Question 15

Figure E-6
 
-In the hydraulic device shown, when the small piston is pushed down 10 cm with a force of 10 N, the large piston is raised 1 cm. This means that the large piston is capable of lifting

Accepted Answer

The principle illustrated is (F × d)input = (F × d)output, which is a statement of the conservation of energy in a hydraulic system. Given that the small piston is pushed down with a force of 10 N over a distance of 10 cm, and the large piston moves up 1 cm, the force exerted by the large piston can be calculated using the principle of hydraulic advantage. The work done on both pistons is equal, so (10 N × 10 cm) = (F × 1 cm), solving for F gives 100 N. This demonstrates how a hydraulic system can multiply force.

Question 16

Figure E-5
 
-A small bead slides without friction along the wire shown. It begins at A and slides by gravity past B, which doesn't touch the rest of the wire. The potential energy of the bead is greatest at point

Accepted Answer

The answer of Figure E-5
 
-A small bead slides without...

Question 17

High tides are predominately produced by the

Accepted Answer

The Moon's gravitational pull is stronger on the side of Earth facing the Moon than on the opposite side. This difference in gravitational pull creates two bulges in Earth's oceans, one on the side facing the Moon and one on the opposite side. These bulges are high tides.

Question 18

A 400-N person stands on the surface of Earth. If he were somehow able to stand on a ladder so that he was twice as far from the center of Earth, he would weigh

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 400-N person stands on the surface...

Question 19

Figure E-3
 
-To lift the 5000-N block, the man finds that he must pull 10 m of rope through his hands for every 1 m the block rises. Neglecting the weights of the pulleys and friction, how hard must the man pull on the rope to raise the block?

Accepted Answer

The man must pull with a force of 500 N to lift the 5000-N block, which is in accordance with the principle of work input and output, $(F \times d)_{input} = (F \times d)_{output}$. Since the man pulls 10 m of rope for every 1 m the block rises, the input work is equal to the output work, leading to a reduction in the force required by a factor of 10 (5000 N / 10 = 500 N).

Question 20

Figure T-1
 
-The boy plays "solitary seesaw" as shown. We can understand this by imagining that he has an invisible partner who is actually at the

Accepted Answer

The answer of Figure T-1
 
-The boy plays "solitary seesaw"...

Quiz 37: Systems of Measurement

All things being practically equal, if the energy content in gasoline were doubled, then the distance a car should travel per liter of gasoline should

Figure T-3 -The 50-kg stuntman places a 50-kg uniform 6-meter plank on top of a skyscraper and stands on the tip of it that overhangs the building as shown. What is the approximate distance that the overhang can be extended without disaster?

Figure E-4 -The center of gravity for each truck is marked X. Which truck(s) will tip over?

Figure G-1 -Pretend an object is set sliding on a huge frictionless plane in contact with the surface of Earth as shown. Once the object is set in motion it will

Figure E-2 -A pendulum bob swings to and fro as shown in the sketch. The kinetic energy of the bob

A golf ball moving forward with 1 unit of momentum strikes a heavy bowling ball that is initially at rest. After the golf ball bounces backward, the bowling ball is in motion with a momentum that must be

A very massive body A and a less massive body B move toward each other under the influence of gravity. Compared to the force on A, the force on B is

Figure T-2 -The heavy boy and light girl are balanced on the seesaw. If they both move inward so that each is exactly half the original distance from the pivot, then the

Jocko the clown at the top of a tall flagpole has considerable potential energy relative to the circus net below. After stepping off the pole and neglecting air resistance, his potential energy when he is half way to the net is

A woman standing on the surface of Earth has a mass of 70 kg and a weight of 700 N. If instead she is floating freely inside a non-rotating space habitat far from Earth, her mass would be

If the mass of Earth somehow increased with no change in radius, your weight would

Figure E-1 -A marble rolls back and forth along the path shown. When it is at position B, its kinetic energy is

As a spaceship nears the Moon, its mass

Earth and the Moon are attracted to each other by gravitational force. The more-massive Earth attracts the less-massive Moon with a force

Figure E-6 -In the hydraulic device shown, when the small piston is pushed down 10 cm with a force of 10 N, the large piston is raised 1 cm. This means that the large piston is capable of lifting

Figure E-5 -A small bead slides without friction along the wire shown. It begins at A and slides by gravity past B, which doesn't touch the rest of the wire. The potential energy of the bead is greatest at point

High tides are predominately produced by the

A 400-N person stands on the surface of Earth. If he were somehow able to stand on a ladder so that he was twice as far from the center of Earth, he would weigh

Figure E-3 -To lift the 5000-N block, the man finds that he must pull 10 m of rope through his hands for every 1 m the block rises. Neglecting the weights of the pulleys and friction, how hard must the man pull on the rope to raise the block?

Figure T-1 -The boy plays "solitary seesaw" as shown. We can understand this by imagining that he has an invisible partner who is actually at the