Question 1

Which of the following is not a chronic disorder associated with sensitivity to dietary gluten?

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell trait is a genetic blood disorder and is not associated with sensitivity to dietary gluten. The other options (A, B, and C) all refer to different names for the same chronic disorder characterized by hypersensitivity to gluten.

Question 2

A platelet count of less than _____/mm³ is considered thrombocytopenia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A platelet count of less than _____/mm³...

Question 3

_____ is characterized by insufficient production of adrenal steroids.

Accepted Answer

Addison disease is characterized by insufficient production of adrenal steroids, specifically cortisol and aldosterone. Addison syndrome refers to the same condition, but with additional symptoms such as hyperpigmentation and autoimmune involvement. Cushing disease and Cushing syndrome, on the other hand, are characterized by excessive production of cortisol.

Question 4

Which of the following vitaminsis needed for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis and, when lacking, affects the development of rapidly dividing cells in bone marrow and epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12 is needed for DNA synthesis and rapid cell division. Its deficiency can cause megaloblastic anemia and affect the growth of bone marrow and epithelial cells. Thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin C do not directly impact DNA synthesis and cell division.

Question 5

Myxedema is caused by _____ of the _____ gland.

Accepted Answer

Myxedema is caused by hyposecretion of the thyroid gland. Hypersecretion of the thyroid or adrenal gland would result in different conditions such as hyperthyroidism or Cushing's syndrome, respectively.

Question 6

Elevated blood levels of calcium, low levels of blood phosphorus, and abnormal bone metabolism are characteristic of which type of endocrine disorder?

Accepted Answer

Elevated blood levels of calcium, low levels of blood phosphorus, and abnormal bone metabolism are characteristic of hyperparathyroidism. The parathyroid gland regulates calcium levels in the blood, and when it is overactive, it causes an increase in blood calcium levels and a decrease in blood phosphorus levels. This can lead to bone weakness, kidney stones, and other health issues. Hyperpituitarism involves overproduction of hormones by the pituitary gland, while hyperthyroidism refers to overactivity of the thyroid gland. Hypothyroidism, on the other hand, is characterized by low levels of thyroid hormone production.

Question 7

MATCHING
For each vocabulary word below, select the corresponding definition from the list provided.

-Hepatomegaly

Accepted Answer

Hepatomegaly refers to the enlargement of the liver.

Answer: A
 Arthralgia is severe pain in a joint.

Answer: B
 Anemia is the reduction of the number of red blood cells.

Answer: C
 Polydipsia is chronic excessive thirst and intake of fluid.

Answer: D
 Ecchymosis is a small, flat, hemorrhagic patch larger than a petechia on the skin.

Answer: E
 Receptor is a cell surface protein to which a specific molecule (e.g., a hormone) can bind.

Answer: F
 Hemostasis is a stoppage or cessation of bleeding.

Answer: G
 Agranulocytosis is a decrease in the number of granulocytes.

Answer: H
 Myalgia is muscle pain.

Answer: I
 Fibrin is an insoluble protein that is essential for the clotting of blood.

Answer: J
 Thrombocyte is another term for platelet.

Answer: L
 Polycythemia is an increase in the total red blood cell mass in the blood.

Answer: M
 Osteoporosis is an abnormal rarefaction of bone.

Answer: N
 Thrombocytopenia is a decrease in the number of platelets in circulating blood.

Question 8

The recommended treatment for folic acid and vitamin B₁₂ deficiency anemias is:

Accepted Answer

The recommended treatment for folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiency anemias is dietary supplements. Surgery, medications, and radiation therapy are not effective treatments for these types of anemia.

Question 9

Iron-deficiency anemia may first result in loss of _____ papillae on the dorsum of the tongue because they have the highest metabolic requirement.

Accepted Answer

Filiform papillae have the highest metabolic requirement and are the most numerous on the tongue, making them the first to be affected by iron-deficiency anemia.

Question 10

MATCHING
For each vocabulary word below, select the corresponding definition from the list provided.

-Myalgia

Accepted Answer

Myalgia means muscle pain.

Answer: B
 Reduction of the number of red blood cells is known as anemia.

Answer: C 
 Chronic excessive thirst and intake of fluid is called polydipsia.

Answer: D
 A purpura is a small, flat, hemorrhagic patch larger than a petechia on the skin.

Answer: E
 A receptor is a cell surface protein to which a specific molecule (e.g., a hormone) can bind.

Answer: F 
 Hemostasis refers to the stoppage or cessation of bleeding.

Answer: G
 A decrease in the number of granulocytes is known as granulocytopenia.

Answer: I
 Fibrin is an insoluble protein that is essential for the clotting of blood.

Answer: J
 Platelets are small cell fragments involved in blood clotting.

Answer: K
 Hepatomegaly is an enlargement of the liver.

Answer: L
 An increase in the total red blood cell mass in the blood is called polycythemia.

Answer: M
 Osteoporosis is an abnormal rarefaction of bone.

Answer: N
 Thrombocytopenia refers to a decrease in the number of platelets in circulating blood.

Question 11

Plummer-Vinson syndrome can develop as a result of long-standing _____ anemia.

Accepted Answer

Plummer-Vinson syndrome is mainly associated with iron-deficiency anemia, and it can occur as a long-term consequence of this condition. Pernicious anemia is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, thalassemia is a genetic disorder resulting in abnormal hemoglobin production, and aplastic anemia involves the inability of the bone marrow to produce enough blood cells. While all of these types of anemia can cause different symptoms, they do not typically lead to the development of Plummer-Vinson syndrome.

Question 12

In aplastic anemia, patients experience a dramatic decrease in all the circulating blood cells because of a severe depression of bone marrow activity.

Accepted Answer

This is a correct statement and reason that are related. Aplastic anemia is characterized by a decrease in all circulating blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets) due to bone marrow depression. Therefore, the decrease in bone marrow activity is the reason for the decrease in all blood cells.

Question 13

The production of adrenal steroids is normally stimulated by release of _____ hormone from the pituitary gland.

Accepted Answer

The adrenal glands produce a variety of steroid hormones, including cortisol, aldosterone, and adrenal androgens. The production of adrenal steroids is influenced by the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland. ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol and other hormones.

Question 14

Diabetes is characterized by abnormally high blood _____ levels.

Accepted Answer

Diabetes is a condition where the body is unable to properly regulate blood glucose levels, leading to high levels of glucose in the blood.

Question 15

All of the following statements are true regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus except one. Which one is the exception?

Accepted Answer

Polydipsia, polyuria, and polyphagia are classic symptoms of type 1 diabetes, not type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is typically characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion.

Question 16

Which of the following types of hyperparathyroidism is the result of an overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to long-term decreased levels of serum calcium often associated with chronic renal disease?

Accepted Answer

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is caused by long-term decreased levels of serum calcium, often associated with chronic renal disease. The overproduction of PTH is a compensatory response by the parathyroid glands to maintain calcium homeostasis in the body. Primary hyperparathyroidism, on the other hand, is caused by a benign tumor in one or more of the parathyroid glands, leading to excessive PTH secretion. Tertiary hyperparathyroidism is a rare condition that occurs after long-standing secondary hyperparathyroidism, where the parathyroid glands become autonomous and continue to secrete PTH even after calcium levels have been normalized. Familial hyperparathyroidism is a hereditary condition where there is an overproduction of PTH due to genetic mutations.

Question 17

Type A hemophilia is caused by a deficiency of factor _____.

Accepted Answer

Type A hemophilia is caused by a deficiency of clotting factor VIII.

Question 18

The red blood cells appear _____ and _____ in cases of iron-deficiency anemia.

Accepted Answer

Iron-deficiency anemia results in decreased hemoglobin production, leading to smaller (microcytic) and paler (hypochromic) red blood cells.

Question 19

The Schilling test detects an inability to absorb an oral dose of vitamin _____.

Accepted Answer

The Schilling test is used to detect pernicious anemia, which is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12.

Question 20

_____ is an autosomal-dominant inherited disorder of platelet function.

Accepted Answer

von Willebrand disease is an autosomal-dominant inherited disorder that affects platelet function by causing a deficiency in von Willebrand factor, a protein that helps with platelet adhesion and clotting. Bruton disease and DiGeorge syndrome are genetic disorders that affect the immune system, while hemophilia is a disorder that affects blood clotting but is not autosomal-dominant.

Quiz 9: Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases

Which of the following is not a chronic disorder associated with sensitivity to dietary gluten?

A platelet count of less than _____/mm³ is considered thrombocytopenia.

_____ is characterized by insufficient production of adrenal steroids.

Which of the following vitaminsis needed for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis and, when lacking, affects the development of rapidly dividing cells in bone marrow and epithelium?

Myxedema is caused by _ of the _ gland.

Elevated blood levels of calcium, low levels of blood phosphorus, and abnormal bone metabolism are characteristic of which type of endocrine disorder?

MATCHING For each vocabulary word below, select the corresponding definition from the list provided. -Hepatomegaly

The recommended treatment for folic acid and vitamin B₁₂ deficiency anemias is:

Iron-deficiency anemia may first result in loss of _____ papillae on the dorsum of the tongue because they have the highest metabolic requirement.

MATCHING For each vocabulary word below, select the corresponding definition from the list provided. -Myalgia

Plummer-Vinson syndrome can develop as a result of long-standing _____ anemia.

In aplastic anemia, patients experience a dramatic decrease in all the circulating blood cells because of a severe depression of bone marrow activity.

The production of adrenal steroids is normally stimulated by release of _____ hormone from the pituitary gland.

Diabetes is characterized by abnormally high blood _____ levels.

All of the following statements are true regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus except one. Which one is the exception?

Which of the following types of hyperparathyroidism is the result of an overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to long-term decreased levels of serum calcium often associated with chronic renal disease?

Type A hemophilia is caused by a deficiency of factor _____.

The red blood cells appear _ and _ in cases of iron-deficiency anemia.

The Schilling test detects an inability to absorb an oral dose of vitamin _____.

_____ is an autosomal-dominant inherited disorder of platelet function.

Quiz 9: Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases

Which of the following is not a chronic disorder associated with sensitivity to dietary gluten?

A platelet count of less than _____/mm3 is considered thrombocytopenia.

_____ is characterized by insufficient production of adrenal steroids.

Which of the following vitamins is needed for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis and, when lacking, affects the development of rapidly dividing cells in bone marrow and epithelium?

Myxedema is caused by _____ of the _____ gland.

Elevated blood levels of calcium, low levels of blood phosphorus, and abnormal bone metabolism are characteristic of which type of endocrine disorder?

MATCHING For each vocabulary word below, select the corresponding definition from the list provided. -Hepatomegaly

The recommended treatment for folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiency anemias is:

Iron-deficiency anemia may first result in loss of _____ papillae on the dorsum of the tongue because they have the highest metabolic requirement.

MATCHING For each vocabulary word below, select the corresponding definition from the list provided. -Myalgia

Plummer-Vinson syndrome can develop as a result of long-standing _____ anemia.

In aplastic anemia, patients experience a dramatic decrease in all the circulating blood cells because of a severe depression of bone marrow activity.

The production of adrenal steroids is normally stimulated by release of _____ hormone from the pituitary gland.

Diabetes is characterized by abnormally high blood _____ levels.

All of the following statements are true regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus except one. Which one is the exception?

Which of the following types of hyperparathyroidism is the result of an overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to long-term decreased levels of serum calcium often associated with chronic renal disease?

Type A hemophilia is caused by a deficiency of factor _____.

The red blood cells appear _____ and _____ in cases of iron-deficiency anemia.

The Schilling test detects an inability to absorb an oral dose of vitamin _____.

_____ is an autosomal-dominant inherited disorder of platelet function.

A platelet count of less than _____/mm³ is considered thrombocytopenia.

Which of the following vitaminsis needed for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis and, when lacking, affects the development of rapidly dividing cells in bone marrow and epithelium?

Myxedema is caused by _ of the _ gland.

The recommended treatment for folic acid and vitamin B₁₂ deficiency anemias is:

The red blood cells appear _ and _ in cases of iron-deficiency anemia.