Question 1

Use your knowledge of group properties to predict the chemical formula for selenic acid. A) HSeO₂ B) H₂SeO₃ C) H₂SeO₄ D) H₃SeO₃ E) H₃SeO₄

Accepted Answer

Selenic acid is a binary acid, which means it contains hydrogen and a polyatomic ion. The polyatomic ion in selenic acid is selenate, which has the chemical formula SeO4^-2. In order to balance the charges, we need two hydrogen ions for each selenate ion. Therefore, the chemical formula for selenic acid is H2SeO4, which is option C.

Question 2

Which list contains the three most abundant elements in the Earth's crust?
A) hydrogen,helium,and lithium
B) sodium,calcium,and iron
C) oxygen,nitrogen,and iron
D) carbon,nitrogen,and oxygen
E) oxygen,aluminum,and silicon

Accepted Answer

The three most abundant elements in the Earth's crust are oxygen, aluminum, and silicon, making choice E the correct answer.

Question 3

Which of the following is the second most abundant (by mass)element in the earth's crust,oceans,and atmosphere?
A) hydrogen
B) oxygen
C) carbon
D) aluminum
E) silicon

Accepted Answer

Silicon is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust, accounting for 27.7% of its composition. It is also present in small amounts in the oceans and atmosphere. Oxygen is the most abundant element in all three categories.

Question 4

Which of the following reactions describes the formation of a molecular compound of hydrogen? A) 2Cs(s)+ H₂(g)$\to$2CsH(s) B) 2Na(s)+ H₂(g)$\to$2NaH(s) C) Mg(s)+ H₂(g)$\to$MgH₂(s) D) S₈(s)+ 8H₂(g)$\to$ 8H₂S(g) E) 2Al(s)+ 3H₂(g)$\to$ 2AlH₃(s)

Accepted Answer

The reaction in option D forms hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), which is a molecular compound. The other reactions form ionic hydrides.

Question 5

What is the highest oxidation state possible for elements from Group 2A?
A) 2+
B) 4+
C) 5+
D) 6+
E) 7+

Accepted Answer

Group 2A elements have two valence electrons, which they can lose to achieve a stable octet configuration. The highest oxidation state possible for these elements is therefore +2.

Question 6

Which of the following chemical equations shows the formation of synthesis gas? A) 2 H₂O(g)$\to$ 2 H₂(g)+ O₂(g) B) 16 CH₄(g)+ 7 O₂(g)$\to$ 2 C₈H₁₈(g)+ 14 H₂O(g) C) C(s)+ 2 H₂(g)$\to$ CH₄(g) D) CO(g)+ H₂O(g)$\to$ CO₂(g)+ H₂(g) E) C(s)+ H₂O(g)$\to$ H₂(g)+ CO(g)

Accepted Answer

Synthesis gas, or syngas, is primarily composed of hydrogen (H₂) and carbon monoxide (CO). The reaction in option E shows the formation of syngas from carbon and water vapor.

Question 7

Approximately 300 billion liters of hydrogen is produced annually.The majority of the hydrogen is used in the production of ____.
A) ammonia
B) hydrogen chloride
C) methane
D) sulfuric acid
E) water

Accepted Answer

The majority of hydrogen produced is used in the production of ammonia via the Haber-Bosch process. This process involves reacting hydrogen with nitrogen to form ammonia, which is used in the production of fertilizers, explosives, and other industrial products.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a likely oxidation number for iodine?
A) -1
B) 0
C) +1
D) +2
E) +7

Accepted Answer

Iodine typically exhibits oxidation numbers of -1, 0, +1, and +7 in its compounds. The +2 oxidation state is very rare and not commonly encountered, making it the least likely oxidation number for iodine.

Question 9

What is the oxidation state of the common ion formed from F?
A) 1+
B) 2+
C) 3-
D) 2-
E) 1-

Accepted Answer

Fluorine commonly forms an ion with a -1 oxidation state, as it gains one electron to achieve a stable electron configuration.

Question 10

Which of the following compounds is a common oxide for phosphorus? A) PO B) P₂O₃ C) PO₃ D) PO₅ E) P₄O₁₀

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following compounds is a...

Question 11

Predict the formula of the product resulting from reaction of elemental forms of Sr and P. A) SrP B) SrP₂ C) Sr₂P D) SrP₃ E) Sr₃P₂

Accepted Answer

Strontium (Sr) typically forms a +2 oxidation state, and phosphorus (P) typically forms a -3 oxidation state. To balance the charges, three Sr atoms (total +6 charge) will combine with two P atoms (total -6 charge) to form Sr₃P₂.

Question 12

Which two elements are most abundant in our solar system?
A) hydrogen and helium
B) hydrogen and oxygen
C) helium and iron
D) hydrogen and iron
E) carbon and oxygen

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen and helium are the two most abundant elements in the solar system, making up over 99% of the total mass of the system.

Question 13

Which of the following is the most abundant $\underline{\text{  metal}}$  on earth?
A) calcium
B) iron
C) copper
D) aluminum
E) zinc

Accepted Answer

Aluminum is the most abundant metal on Earth, making up approximately 8% of the Earth's crust. Calcium is also abundant, but not as much as aluminum. Iron and copper are also abundant, but they are not more abundant than aluminum. Zinc is not as abundant as the other metals listed.

Question 14

What is the oxidation state of each nitrogen in nitrogen dioxide?
A) 0
B) +4
C) +3
D) -3
E) +5

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the oxidation state of each...

Question 15

What is the formula of the common oxide formed from Group 6A elements? (E = main group element) A) EO B) EO₂ C) EO₃ D) E₄O₁₀ E) E₂O₇

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the formula of the common...

Question 16

The oxidation state per each nitrogen,given in parentheses,is correct in all the following cases except A) HN₃ (-3). B) N₂O₃ (+3). C) HNO₃ (+5). D) NH₄⁺ (-3). E) N₂O (+2).

Accepted Answer

The answer of The oxidation state per each nitrogen,given in...

Question 17

Which of the following statements about hydrogen is/are correct?
1)It is a very low density gas.
2)Most stars consist primarily of hydrogen.
3)An atom of deuterium is about three times the mass of protium.
A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 2
E) 1,2 and 3

Accepted Answer

1) It is a very low density gas: This is true, as hydrogen gas has a very low atomic mass and is the lightest element on the periodic table.
2) Most stars consist primarily of hydrogen: This is also true, as hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe and is the main fuel source for nuclear fusion reactions in stars.
3) An atom of deuterium is about three times the mass of protium: This is true, as deuterium contains one neutron in addition to its single proton, making it roughly three times more massive than protium (which has no neutron). However, this statement is not necessary to answer the question, as it refers only to a specific isotope of hydrogen.

Question 18

Catalytic steam reformation of hydrocarbons (such as methane)produce a mixture of A) CO₂ and H₂O. B) C and H₂. C) O₂ and H₂. D) CH₄ and H₂O. E) CO and H₂.

Accepted Answer

The catalytic steam reformation of hydrocarbons (such as methane) produces a mixture of CO and H2O. Hence, the correct option is E, which indicates CO and H2O as the products.

Question 19

Which of the following reactions does not represent a commercial method for the large scale production of hydrogen gas? A) CH₄(g)+ H₂O(g)$\to$ CO(g)+ 3H₂(g) B) C(s)+ H₂O(g)$\to$ CO(g)+ H₂(g) C) 2H₂O( $\ell$ )$\to$ 2H₂(g)+ O₂(g) D) CO(g)+ H₂O(g)$\to$ CO₂(g)+ H₂(g) E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Option C is not a commercial method for the large scale production of hydrogen gas as it involves the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, which is not economical on a large scale due to its high cost and instability. The other options represent commercially viable methods for hydrogen gas production, such as steam reforming of natural gas (option A), gasification of coal (option B), and partial oxidation of hydrocarbons (option D).

Question 20

What is the general formula for an alkaline earth metal hydride? (M = metal) A) MH₂ B) M(OH)₂ C) MH D) MH₃ E) MOH

Accepted Answer

Alkaline earth metals form hydrides with the general formula MH₂, where M represents the metal.

Quiz 22: The Chemistry of the Main Group Elements

Use your knowledge of group properties to predict the chemical formula for selenic acid.

Which list contains the three most abundant elements in the Earth's crust?

Which of the following is the second most abundant (by mass) element in the earth's crust,oceans,and atmosphere?

Which of the following reactions describes the formation of a molecular compound of hydrogen?

What is the highest oxidation state possible for elements from Group 2A?

Which of the following chemical equations shows the formation of synthesis gas?

Approximately 300 billion liters of hydrogen is produced annually.The majority of the hydrogen is used in the production of ____.

Which of the following is not a likely oxidation number for iodine?

What is the oxidation state of the common ion formed from F?

Which of the following compounds is a common oxide for phosphorus?

Predict the formula of the product resulting from reaction of elemental forms of Sr and P.

Which two elements are most abundant in our solar system?

Which of the following is the most abundant $\underline{\text{ metal}}$ on earth?

What is the oxidation state of each nitrogen in nitrogen dioxide?

What is the formula of the common oxide formed from Group 6A elements? (E = main group element)

The oxidation state per each nitrogen,given in parentheses,is correct in all the following cases except

Which of the following statements about hydrogen is/are correct? 1) It is a very low density gas. 2) Most stars consist primarily of hydrogen. 3) An atom of deuterium is about three times the mass of protium.

Catalytic steam reformation of hydrocarbons (such as methane) produce a mixture of

Which of the following reactions does not represent a commercial method for the large scale production of hydrogen gas?

What is the general formula for an alkaline earth metal hydride? (M = metal)