In her correlational study,Professor Niles discovered a relationship between gang members and violence.Professor Niles can safely conclude that:
A) belonging to a gang causes one to be violent.
B) being violent causes one to join a gang.
C) gang members were not nurtured as infants.
D) gang membership and violent behavior tend to occur together.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Correlational studies can only establish a relationship between variables, not a cause-and-effect relationship. Therefore, Professor Niles can only conclude that there is a tendency for gang membership and violent behavior to occur together, but not that one causes the other.

In Her Correlational Study,Professor Niles Discovered a Relationship Between Gang