Question 1

In practical terms,the anal stage is focused on learning to:

Accepted Answer

The anal stage is the second stage of psychosexual development, occurring from approximately 18 months to three years of age. During this stage, the child's focus shifts to the anal region, and they experience pleasure from holding or releasing their bowel and bladder movements. The primary challenge of this stage is to learn to delay gratification by being toilet trained. Therefore, the best choice is C, which states that the anal stage is focused on learning to delay gratification. Choices A, B, and D are not the primary goals of the anal stage.

Question 2

From birth to about age 1,children are in Freud's:

Accepted Answer

During birth to about age 1, children are in Freud's oral stage, where the primary focus of psychosexual development is on the mouth and oral activities such as sucking, biting, and swallowing.

Question 3

According to Freud,what does the ego do?

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the ego is responsible for finding practical ways to satisfy sexual and aggressive urges, while still considering the reality of the situation and the consequences of actions.

Question 4

Freud suggested that professional sports,such as football,illustrate the:

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that sports provided a socially acceptable outlet for the human desire for aggression. He called this sublimation, which is the redirection of unacceptable impulses into more socially acceptable channels. Therefore, professional sports such as football can be seen as an example of sublimation of aggression.

Question 5

Henry's boss lectures him for his poor performance.Henry goes home and yells at his children.According to Freud,this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Displacement is the act of redirecting one's emotions or impulses from the original person or object towards a safer or more acceptable substitute target. In this case, Henry took out his frustration from his boss on his children.

Question 6

According to Freud,a person's set of moral inhibitions is referred to as the ____________,and the standard of perfect conduct is referred to as the ____________.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, a person's set of moral inhibitions is referred to as the conscience, and the standard of perfect conduct is referred to as the ego ideal. The superego includes both the conscience and the ego ideal. The libido refers to the basic life force and energy, while subjective reality is an individual's perception of reality. The guilt center and pride center are not terms used by Freud.

Question 7

Freud's psychoanalytic theory proposes that excessive punishment or reward from parents during a period of development can leave a person's personality ____________ at that stage.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, if a child experiences excessive punishment or reward during a certain stage of development, they may become fixated at that stage. This means that they may become fixated on certain behaviors or traits associated with that stage, which can impact their personality and behavior in adulthood.

Question 8

Which of the following is a true statement,according to Freud's theory?

Accepted Answer

Sublimation is considered a type of displacement where socially unacceptable impulses are transformed into socially acceptable actions or behavior.

Question 9

According to Freud,the superego:

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the superego is the moral component of personality that assesses the right or wrong of a course of action, and it is formed through the internalization of moral standards and values from parents and society. The superego serves to balance the impulses of the id with the practical demands of the external world, as negotiated by the ego. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect.

Question 10

According to Freud,the resolution of the Oedipal complex involves:

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, resolution of the Oedipal complex involves identification with the same-sex parent, which occurs when a child recognizes the difference between themselves and their same-sex parent and models their behavior after them. This is seen as the natural progression of development from the earlier stages of the Oedipal complex, such as the desire for exclusive attention from the opposite-sex parent and the jealousy and rivalry towards the same-sex parent. The resolution of the Oedipal complex helps establish a child's gender identity and sets the stage for future mature relationships.

Question 11

According to Freud,identification plays an important role in:

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, identification plays an important role in the socialization of children and the development of the superego. It is through identification with parents, peers, and other significant individuals that children incorporate moral values and norms of behavior into their own superego. Identification also helps to create a sense of belonging and connection with others, which can provide emotional support and help channel negative impulses into positive goals. However, identification alone cannot keep behavior within the moral bounds of the superego, as it is ultimately up to the individual to choose whether to abide by these moral codes.

Question 12

In which of Freud's stages is the source of sexual pleasure one's penis or vagina?

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory, the phallic stage (ages 3-6) is when children become interested in their own genitals and the genitals of others, leading to sexual pleasure derived from the penis or vagina. The genital stage (ages puberty onward) also involves sexual pleasure derived from these body parts, but is focused on mature sexual relationships rather than childhood exploration. The oral stage (ages 0-2) is focused on pleasure derived from the mouth, and the anal stage (ages 2-3) is focused on pleasure derived from bowel movements. The latency stage (ages 6-puberty) is a period of relative calm in which sexual impulses are mostly dormant.

Question 13

Freud claimed that people become surgeons to unconsciously transform their violent impulses into a socially acceptable form.This re-channeling of socially harmful impulses into socially desirable behaviors is called:

Accepted Answer

The re-channeling of socially harmful impulses into socially desirable behaviors is called sublimation. Freud believed that individuals could reduce their anxiety by redirecting their unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable behaviors, such as becoming a surgeon or artist. This process reduces the likelihood of engaging in socially harmful or destructive behaviors.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct developmental order for Freud's psychosexual stages?

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory, the order of psychosexual stages is oral (birth to 18 months), anal (18 months to 3 years), phallic (3-6 years), latent (6 years to puberty), and genital (puberty onward). Choice B is the only option that follows this sequence.

Question 15

Which of the following phrases BEST characterizes Freud's concept of identification?

Accepted Answer

Freud's concept of identification involves internalizing the goals, values, and attitudes of important people in one's life, particularly during childhood. It is not simply about mimicking or imitating others' behavior, feeling empathy, or sexual attraction.

Question 16

The Oedipal complex takes place in Freud's:

Accepted Answer

The Oedipal complex is a psychological concept introduced by Freud during his psychosexual development theory. It occurs in the phallic stage, which is characterized by a child's sexual desires and curiosity towards their opposite-sex parent. The Oedipal complex occurs when a child experiences an unconscious desire for their opposite-sex parent and sees their same-sex parent as a rival. This stage usually occurs between ages 3 and 6.

Question 17

If a person is verbally hostile,Freud might say they have an:

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, individuals who exhibit aggressive behavior, particularly in the form of verbal hostility, may have an "oral aggressive personality." This refers to individuals who have unresolved conflicts related to the oral stage of development, in which an individual's primary source of satisfaction comes from the mouth (such as through nursing or sucking on objects). These conflicts can manifest as aggression, and may be related to issues such as frustration and a lack of control.

Question 18

You can't take it anymore,so you confront your roommate saying,"You are such a slob! What's the matter with you,anyway? You are so:

Accepted Answer

This term refers to someone who is messy and disorganized, which fits the description of a slob. The other options do not accurately describe the behavior of a messy roommate.

Question 19

Anika is proud that she helped her dad build bookshelves in the den.According to Freud,Anika's sense of pride at being so helpful is produced by the:

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of personality, the superego is responsible for producing feelings of pride and accomplishment when a person behaves in accordance with socially and morally acceptable standards. Therefore, Anika's sense of pride at being helpful to her father would be produced by her superego.

Question 20

A highly sexually motivated author writes shocking erotic poetry.According to Freud,this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, sublimation is the process where socially unacceptable impulses, such as sexual desires, are redirected into socially acceptable behaviors, such as artistic expression. In this case, the author is redirecting their sexual impulses into writing erotic poetry, which is considered an acceptable form of artistic expression.

Quiz 12: Personality Theories and Assessment