Question 1

Which theory proposes that we act aggressively as a natural reaction to the blocking of important motives?

Accepted Answer

Frustration-aggression theory proposes that when people are prevented from achieving a goal, they become frustrated and are more likely to act aggressively. This theory suggests that aggression is a natural reaction to the blocking of important motives.

Question 2

Catharsis refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Catharsis refers to the release of pent-up emotions. It is often used in the context of therapy, where the expression of emotions is believed to bring relief and a sense of release from emotional tension.

Question 3

In Scherer's (1997)studies of emotional interpretation across countries,what observation was made?

Accepted Answer

In African countries, college students were more likely to view negative emotions as caused by the immoral actions of others.

Question 4

The Greek philosopher Epictetus stated,"People are not affected by events,but by their interpretations of them." This statement is most consistent with the:

Accepted Answer

The cognitive theory of emotion emphasizes that an individual's interpretation or appraisal of an event determines their emotional response rather than the event itself. This statement by Epictetus aligns with the cognitive theory, suggesting that people's emotions are based on their own interpretation of events, rather than simply the events themselves.

Question 5

In studies where participants were shown films of pain and injury,Ekman found that compared to American participants,Japanese participants expressed ____________ horror when they were alone and ____________ horror when there was an authority figure present in the room.

Accepted Answer

Ekman's studies found that Japanese participants showed a similar level of horror when alone but expressed less horror when an authority figure was present, reflecting cultural norms of emotional expression.

Question 6

Approximately what percentage of the differences in happiness among people is due to genetic factors?

Accepted Answer

According to research, approximately 50% of the differences in happiness among people is due to genetic factors. This means that the remaining 50% of happiness is influenced by environmental factors such as life events, relationships, and individual choices.

Question 7

Which theorist claimed that we are born with a drive to be aggressive?

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud claimed that humans are born with aggressive and sexual urges that need to be controlled by society's moral standards.

Question 8

Based on observations of emotional expression in a variety of cultures,what did Klaus Scherer conclude?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on observations of emotional expression in...

Question 9

Based on research on the association between work and happiness,which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to derive happiness from work?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that individuals who focus solely on materialistic gains (such as money) are less likely to derive happiness from their work. Therefore, Jacob, who works hard solely for the purpose of accumulating wealth, is least likely to derive happiness from work.

Question 10

The study in which males were interviewed by a female researcher while standing on either a wobbly bridge or a solid bridge over a canyon demonstrated which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The study found that participants who were interviewed on the wobbly bridge felt more attraction for the interviewer than did the participants on the solid bridge. This is likely due to the physiological arousal caused by the wobbly bridge, which the participants may have attributed to their attraction to the interviewer.

Question 11

Research has conclusively determined that the following factors cause one to be happy:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research has conclusively determined that the following...

Question 12

Jared,a 20-year-old African American man,is statistically MOST likely to die from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Violence is the leading cause of death for young African American men.

Question 13

Research on college students indicated that Asian American students tended to be ____________ happy when they were studying,and European American students tended to be ____________ happy when they were studying.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that Asian American students tend to have a more instrumental view of education and may prioritize academic achievement over happiness. Therefore, they may be more likely to feel happy when studying. On the other hand, European American students tend to have a more individualistic view of education and may prioritize personal fulfillment and enjoyment over academic achievement. Therefore, they may be less likely to feel happy when studying and more likely to seek out activities that bring them happiness outside of their academic work.

Question 14

Social-learning theorists state that "catharsis":

Accepted Answer

Social-learning theorists argue that catharsis, or the release of aggressive energy through action or fantasy, does not reduce aggression but rather reinforces aggressive behavior, making it more practiced and likely to occur again.

Question 15

What answer has psychological research provided for the question,"Does money buy happiness?"

Accepted Answer

Psychological research has shown that people with enough money to satisfy their basic needs are generally happier than those who struggle to meet those needs. However, beyond a certain point (often referred to as the "hedonic treadmill"), additional money and material possessions do not lead to greater happiness. Therefore, while having enough money can contribute to happiness, having excessive amounts of money does not guarantee happiness.

Question 16

Imagine you see a man walk away from his wife,leaving his wife looking upset.In which of the following situations would the cognitive theory of emotion suggest that you would experience the highest level of anger toward the man?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive theory of emotion suggests that our emotions are determined by our interpretation of the situation, which can be influenced by our current state. Exiting a roller coaster ride, you are likely to be in a heightened state of arousal, which could intensify your emotional response, making you more likely to experience a higher level of anger toward the man.

Question 17

Berkowitz (1989)amended the original frustration-aggression theory by stating that:

Accepted Answer

Berkowitz amended the theory to include other aversive events besides frustration that can trigger aggression.

Question 18

In terms of emotion,research suggests that cultural influences determine:

Accepted Answer

Cultural influences primarily affect how emotions are expressed, as different cultures have varying norms and rules about the appropriate ways to display emotions.

Question 19

"Because the autonomic sensations produced in emotional situations are not distinctive,it's easy to misinterpret their meaning." Which theory does this statement support?

Accepted Answer

This statement supports the cognitive theory of emotions, which posits that the interpretation of a situation precedes the emotional response, suggesting that the same physiological responses can be interpreted differently depending on the cognitive appraisal of the situation.

Question 20

Which theory of emotion states that we must interpret physical arousal before we experience an emotion?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive theory of emotions, also known as the Schachter-Singer theory, posits that emotion is experienced after interpreting physical arousal in the context of the environment.

Quiz 11: Motivation and Emotion