Question 1

Which of the following best describes Vygotsky's premise of how learning and cognitive growth occurs?

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky's premise is based on the idea of cooperative learning, where individuals work together to solve problems and build their understanding of the world. He believed that cognitive growth occurs through social interaction and collaborative learning experiences, rather than through solitary study or rote memorization. Therefore, option A is the best choice. Options B, C, and D are all incorrect as they do not align with Vygotsky's theories about how learning and cognitive growth occur.

Question 2

Nearly ____ adolescents are enrolled in secondary school in developed countries.In contrast,only about ____ of adolescents in economically developing countries attend secondary school.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nearly ____ adolescents are enrolled in secondary...

Question 3

Ms.Long is a first grade teacher and uses cooperative learning in her classroom.In creating groups of students,she will equally distribute high achieving,moderate achieving,and low achieving students so there is one student of each category in every group.Based upon the skills of each student,Ms.Long knows that the high achieving students can help the moderate achieving students,and in turn,the moderate achieving students can help the low achieving students.It is clear that Ms.Long is using the principle of ____ in her classroom.

Accepted Answer

Ms. Long is using the principle of scaffolding in her classroom. Scaffolding involves providing support and guidance to students as they learn and gradually removing that support as they become more competent. By grouping students of different achievement levels, Ms. Long is creating opportunities for peer scaffolding, where higher-achieving students can help their peers who are struggling. This approach helps all students learn and progress, and it aligns with the idea of scaffolding as a teaching principle.

Question 4

Research conducted by Berndt & Mekos (1995)found which of the following benefits from the transition to secondary school among adolescents in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Berndt & Mekos (1995) found that the transition to secondary school resulted in greater independence among adolescents in the United States. There was no mention of improved skills in science and mathematics or critical thinking skills, and relationships with parents were not found to be closer.

Question 5

High school graduation rates vary in the U.S.by ethnic group._____ students have the highest rates and _____ students have the lowest rates of graduation.

Accepted Answer

Asian American students typically have the highest graduation rates, while both African American and Native American students have lower graduation rates compared to other ethnic groups in the U.S.

Question 6

Frank Levy and Richard Murnane outlined six skills necessary for success in a promising,middle-class wage career.These six skills are referred to as ___.

Accepted Answer

The six skills necessary for success in a promising, middle-class wage career are referred to as "new basic skills." They include: 1) sophisticated communication skills, 2) complex problem-solving, 3) expert thinking, 4) collaboration across networks and leading by influence, 5) adapatability, and 6) information and media literacy.

Question 7

The following is an example of a boy learning to weave handmade cloth."The boy attempts a simple weaving pattern,the father corrects his mistakes,the boy tries again.When the boy gets it right,the father gives him a more complex pattern,thus raising the bar so that the boy continues to be challenged and his skills continue to improve." This scenario illustrates Lev Vygotsky's concept of ____.

Accepted Answer

Scaffolding is a process in which a more experienced person provides support to a less experienced person, allowing them to complete a task that they would not be able to complete on their own. In the scenario, the father provides scaffolding to the boy by correcting his mistakes and giving him more complex patterns, thus helping him to improve his weaving skills.

Question 8

In Vygotsky's view ____ always takes place via a social process,through the interactions between someone who possesses ____ and someone who is in the process of obtaining it.

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky's view was that learning always takes place via a social process, through the interactions between someone who possesses knowledge and someone who is in the process of obtaining it. This aligns with choice A, which states that learning takes place through obtaining knowledge. None of the other options mentioned align with Vygotsky's theory.

Question 9

What term refers to the degree of assistance provided to the adolescent who is not yet able to perform a task or skill according to theorists who espouse Vygotsky's view of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Scaffolding refers to the support given to an adolescent or learner that is gradually removed as they become more competent, aligning with Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development.

Question 10

Levy and Murnane found that what percentage of 17-year-old adolescents in the United States could not read or do math at the level needed to succeed in their potential careers?

Accepted Answer

Levy and Murnane found that 50% of 17-year-old adolescents in the United States could not read or do math at the level needed to succeed in their potential careers, as reported in their book "The New Division of Labor: How Computers Are Creating the Next Job Market."

Question 11

In the United States,one reason that transition to secondary school during ___ may be difficult is because students have to learn to manage their schedules in addition to managing academic work.

Accepted Answer

The transition to secondary school typically happens during adolescence, which is a period of significant physical, cognitive, social, and emotional changes. During this time, students also have to learn to manage their schedules independently while juggling academic demands, extracurricular activities, family responsibilities, and social life. This can be overwhelming and stressful for some students, leading to academic difficulties or even dropping out of school. Other age ranges do not face this same challenge during their transition to secondary school.

Question 12

What percentage of adolescents in economically developing countries attends secondary school?

Accepted Answer

As of my last update in 2023, approximately 50% of adolescents in economically developing countries attend secondary school. This reflects the challenges in access to education in these regions, including financial barriers, distance to schools, and cultural factors.

Question 13

The experience of transitioning to secondary school during adolescence can lead to ___.

Accepted Answer

The transition to secondary school during adolescence can be a challenging time, as students navigate new environments, expectations, and social dynamics. These changes can lead to feelings of anxiety and stress, particularly in individuals who may already be prone to these feelings.

Question 14

According to Vygotsky,children and adolescents learn best if the instruction they are provided is ____ of the zone of proximal development.

Accepted Answer

The zone of proximal development refers to the range of tasks that a child is not yet able to accomplish on their own but can accomplish with the help of a more knowledgeable person. Therefore, according to Vygotsky, children and adolescents learn best if the instruction they are provided is near the top of the zone of proximal development, as this is the point where they are challenged enough to learn and make progress but not overwhelmed to the point of frustration.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes Vygotsky's concepts of scaffolding?

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky's concept of scaffolding refers to the degree of assistance provided to an adolescent in their zone of proximal development. It involves providing support and guidance to help the adolescent gradually acquire new skills and knowledge on their own, based on their existing understanding and capabilities. Scaffolding aims to bridge the gap between what an adolescent can accomplish alone and what they can achieve with guidance and support, ultimately enabling them to gain independence and mastery over the task or skill.

Question 16

Keyuna just graduated high school and is set on a career that will earn her middle-class wages or higher.Which of the following would be the greatest barrier for Keyuna in succeeding in a career with the potential to earn middle-class wages?

Accepted Answer

Getting poor grades in reading and mathematics during high school would be the greatest barrier for Keyuna because these skills are essential for success in many middle-class careers, such as engineering, finance, and technology. Without proficiency in these areas, Keyuna may struggle to meet the required qualifications for these types of jobs. Being the youngest child among her siblings, having no extracurricular activities on her résumé, or getting poor grades in social studies would not necessarily prevent her from succeeding in a middle-class career.

Question 17

____ is the difference between skills or tasks that adolescents can accomplish alone and those they are capable of doing if guided by an adult or a more competent peer.

Accepted Answer

The zone of proximal development is a concept introduced by Soviet psychologist Lev Vygotsky, which refers to the range of tasks that a child can perform with the assistance of a more knowledgeable individual but cannot yet perform independently. This concept emphasizes the potential for cognitive development through guided interaction.

Question 18

In regards to education,a person born in a developing nation would most likely ____.

Accepted Answer

In many developing nations, access to education beyond primary school can be limited due to economic, social, and infrastructural challenges, making it more likely for individuals to only complete primary education.

Question 19

From observations of workplaces in the United States,Frank Levy and Richard Murnane determined that in order to be successful in a promising career,it is necessary to obtain skills in reading and mathematics at the ___ level or higher.

Accepted Answer

The answer of From observations of workplaces in the United...

Question 20

Lev Vygotsky coined the term ____,which refers to the degree of assistance provided to the adolescent in the zone of proximal development.

Accepted Answer

Lev Vygotsky coined the term "scaffolding," which refers to the degree of assistance provided to the adolescent in the zone of proximal development. Scaffolding involves providing support and guidance to help a student successfully complete a task or solve a problem with assistance that gradually diminishes as the student gains independence and mastery of the task.

Quiz 8: Adolescence