Question 1

In twin studies, which type of twins have more highly correlated articulation skills:

Accepted Answer

Monozygotic twins (identical twins) have the same genetic makeup, whereas dizygotic twins (fraternal twins) only share about 50% of their genes on average. Therefore, monozygotic twins have a higher genetic similarity, making them a better choice for studying the heritability of traits like articulation skills. Studies have shown that monozygotic twins have more highly correlated articulation skills compared to dizygotic twins.

Question 2

Tongue thrust only has to do with swallowing.

Accepted Answer

Tongue thrust can affect not only swallowing but also speech and the alignment of teeth, leading to orthodontic issues.

Question 3

The number of speech sound errors in children has been shown to decrease from first through fourth grade due to:

Accepted Answer

Maturation refers to the natural development of a child's speech sound system, which leads to a decrease in speech sound errors over time. Attrition refers to the loss of previously acquired linguistic knowledge due to lack of use or exposure, and is not relevant to the question. Matriculation refers to the process of enrolling in a school or program, and attention is not a main factor in decreasing speech sound errors over time.

Question 4

Children with missing teeth will always have a lisp.

Accepted Answer

While missing teeth can affect speech, it does not always result in a lisp. It can cause difficulty with certain sounds, but speech therapy and the growth of permanent teeth can improve the child's speech.

Question 5

Frenum clipping is very rarely recommended for in individuals with ankyloglossia.

Accepted Answer

Frenum clipping, also known as frenectomy, is commonly recommended for individuals with ankyloglossia (tongue tie) to improve tongue mobility and speech.

Question 6

In order to appropriately assess speech perception abilities, clinicians should examine: The specific phonemes in error, the context in which they are produced, motoric abilities, and ___________.

Accepted Answer

Receptive vocabulary is important to assess because it can impact a person's ability to understand and process speech sounds correctly. A larger receptive vocabulary may lead to better speech perception abilities. Expressive vocabulary and letter knowledge are also important to assess but are not as directly related to speech perception as receptive vocabulary. Nonverbal intelligence may be assessed for other purposes, but it is not specifically necessary for assessing speech perception abilities.

Question 7

Personality may contribute to speech sound disorders. Specifically, parents of children with SSD have reported their child to be:

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that children with SSD may have certain personality traits, including being overly sensitive or anxious, which can contribute to the development or persistence of speech sound disorders. Therefore, option C, "overly sensitive," is the best choice. The other options, "not sensitive," "very bold," and "very friendly," do not align with the research on personality traits and SSD.

Question 8

Phonological deficits often co-occur with deficits in what area of language:

Accepted Answer

Phonological deficits can impact a child's ability to produce and distinguish phonemes, leading to difficulties in forming grammatical sentences with correct inflections and word order. These deficits can also impact reading and writing abilities, as phonological awareness is a crucial component of these skills. Pragmatics, semantics, and voice are not directly related to phonological deficits.

Question 9

Tongue thrust will always affect dentition.

Accepted Answer

Tongue thrust can affect dentition, but it does not always do so. The impact on dentition varies depending on the individual's age, the severity and duration of the tongue thrust, and whether it is accompanied by other oral habits.

Question 10

Children with speech sounds disorders are likely to have academic difficulties in what specific areas:

Accepted Answer

Children with speech sound disorders are likely to have difficulties with phonological awareness, which is the ability to distinguish and manipulate the sounds in words. This can lead to struggles with reading and spelling. The other options (A, C, and D) are not specifically related to speech sound disorders.

Question 11

Ankyloglossia refers to:

Accepted Answer

Ankyloglossia, also known as tongue-tie, is a condition where the frenum (a thin band of tissue) under the tongue is too short or thick, restricting movement of the tongue. It can cause difficulty with speech, breastfeeding, and other oral activities.

Question 12

Significantly more males have a speech sound disorder compared to females.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that males are approximately twice as likely to have a speech sound disorder compared to females. This gender difference is observed across various languages and age groups.

Question 13

Intelligence plays an important role in articulation skills in what population:

Accepted Answer

Individuals with severe cognitive impairments often have challenges with articulation skills due to their cognitive limitations, which can affect their ability to process and produce speech sounds accurately.

Question 14

Research has shown that children who use a pacifier may be 3 times more likely to develop a speech sound disorder compared to children who do not use a pacifier.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that prolonged use of pacifiers can interfere with the development of proper tongue and jaw movements needed for speech, leading to speech sound disorders such as lisps and misarticulations.

Question 15

Personality may be linked to speech sound production.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that personality traits such as extraversion and openness may be linked to speech sound production, with more outgoing individuals having greater variation in their pitch and volume, and more open-minded individuals using a wider range of speech sounds. However, this is still a relatively new area of research and more studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Question 16

The most common speech sound error seen in individuals with tongue thrust is:

Accepted Answer

Sibilant distortions, such as difficulty pronouncing sounds like /s/ and /z/, are the most common speech sound errors in individuals with tongue thrust. This is because the tongue thrust interferes with the normal placement of the tongue needed to produce these sounds correctly.

Question 17

Removal of part or all of the hard palate would have a detrimental effect to speech production.

Accepted Answer

The hard palate is an essential structure in speech production as it separates the oral and nasal cavities, allowing for different types of sound production. Removing part or all of it would severely affect the ability to produce certain speech sounds and make speech difficult to understand.

Question 18

A combination of which two approaches is suggested for treatment of tongue thrust:

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that a combination of articulation treatment and oral myofunctional therapy is effective for treating tongue thrust. Articulation treatment focuses on correcting incorrect tongue placement during speech sounds, while oral myofunctional therapy addresses incorrect tongue placement during non-speech activities such as swallowing and resting posture. The combination of these approaches can lead to improved articulation skills and overall oral functioning.

Question 19

Oral tactile sensitivity is typically most sensitive at the midline of anatomical structures.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Oral tactile sensitivity is typically most sensitive at the midline of anatomical structures, such as the tongue and palate. This is due to the high concentration of sensory receptors present in these areas.

Question 20

Research does not support a connection between otitis media and speech sound disorders.

Accepted Answer

While some studies have found a correlation between otitis media and speech sound disorders, others have not. The research is still inconclusive and further studies are needed to determine any causal relationship.

Quiz 4: Classification and Comorbidity in Speech Sound Disorders