Question 1

For a number of years which of the following has been the primary agency responsible for the passage and enforcement of federal regulations protecting the environment?

Accepted Answer

A)Environmental law consists primarily of regulations passed by a federal agency,
the Environmental Protection Agency EPA),operating under the direction of Congress.
B)Environmental law consists primarily of regulations passed by a federal agency,the Environmental Protection Agency EPA),operating under the direction of Congress.
C)Environmental law consists primarily of regulations passed by a federal agency,the Environmental Protection Agency EPA),operating under the direction of Congress.
D)Environmental law consists primarily of regulations passed by a federal agency,the Environmental Protection Agency EPA),operating under the direction of Congress.
E)Environmental law consists primarily of regulations passed by a federal agency,the Environmental Protection Agency EPA),operating under the direction of Congress.

Question 2

Which of the following is a federal law whose purpose is to protect and improve the quality of the air through the National Ambient Air Quality Standards,mobile-source performance standards,and new-source performance standards?

Accepted Answer

A)The purpose of the Clean Air Act is to protect and improve the quality of the air
through the National Ambient Air Quality Standards,mobile-source performance standards,and new-source performance standards.
B)The purpose of the Clean Air Act is to protect and improve the quality of the air through the National Ambient Air Quality Standards,mobile-source performance standards,and new-source performance standards.
C)The purpose of the Clean Air Act is to protect and improve the quality of the air through the National Ambient Air Quality Standards,mobile-source performance standards,and new-source performance standards.
D)The purpose of the Clean Air Act is to protect and improve the quality of the air through the National Ambient Air Quality Standards,mobile-source performance standards,and new-source performance standards.
E)The purpose of the Clean Air Act is to protect and improve the quality of the air through the National Ambient Air Quality Standards,mobile-source performance standards,and new-source performance standards.

Question 3

A .50 tax on each soda not sold in non-refillable container to discourage use of disposable containers is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)Green taxes can discourage consumers and firms from engaging in undesired
activities.
B)Green taxes can discourage consumers and firms from engaging in undesired activities.
C)Green taxes can discourage consumers and firms from engaging in undesired activities.
D)Green taxes can discourage consumers and firms from engaging in undesired activities.
E)Green taxes can discourage consumers and firms from engaging in undesired activities.

Question 4

The United States Acid Rain Trading Program of 1990 set up what type of incentive for reducing acid rain?

Accepted Answer

A)The government can determine how much of a given pollutant should be emitted during a year and issue the requisite number of permits to allow that amount,prohibiting any emissions without a permit.This is referred to as marketable discharge permits.The U.S.Acid Rain Trading Program is the best-known use of these permits.
B)The government can determine how much of a given pollutant should be emitted during a year and issue the requisite number of permits to allow that amount,prohibiting any emissions without a permit.This is referred to as marketable discharge permits.The U.S.Acid Rain Trading Program is the best-known use of these permits.
C)The government can determine how much of a given pollutant should be emitted during a year and issue the requisite number of permits to allow that amount,prohibiting any emissions without a permit.This is referred to as marketable discharge permits.The U.S.Acid Rain Trading Program is the best-known use of these permits.
D)The government can determine how much of a given pollutant should be emitted during a year and issue the requisite number of permits to allow that amount,prohibiting any emissions without a permit.This is referred to as marketable discharge permits.The U.S.Acid Rain Trading Program is the best-known use of these permits.
E)The government can determine how much of a given pollutant should be emitted during a year and issue the requisite number of permits to allow that amount,prohibiting any emissions without a permit.This is referred to as marketable discharge permits.The U.S.Acid Rain Trading Program is the best-known use of these permits.

Question 5

Which of the following was the result in the Case Opener,the case in which the company was found to have generated waste with excessive concentrations of PCBs?

Accepted Answer

A)The company was found to have violated Section 15 of TSCA and a section of the Code of the Federal Regulations by failing to clean up a hazardous area in a timely manner.
B)The company was found to have violated Section 15 of TSCA and a section of the Code of the Federal Regulations by failing to clean up a hazardous area in a timely manner.
C)The company was found to have violated Section 15 of TSCA and a section of the Code of the Federal Regulations by failing to clean up a hazardous area in a timely manner.
D)The company was found to have violated Section 15 of TSCA and a section of the Code of the Federal Regulations by failing to clean up a hazardous area in a timely manner.
E)The company was found to have violated Section 15 of TSCA and a section of the Code of the Federal Regulations by failing to clean up a hazardous area in a timely manner.

Question 6

Referencing the National Ambient Air Quality Standards,which of the following are standards that will protect the public welfare crops,buildings,and animals)from any known or anticipated adverse effect associated with a pollutant?

Accepted Answer

A)Secondary standards are limits needed to protect the public welfare crops,
building,and animals)from any known or anticipated adverse effect associated with a pollutant.
B)Secondary standards are limits needed to protect the public welfare crops,building,and animals)from any known or anticipated adverse effect associated with a pollutant.
C)Secondary standards are limits needed to protect the public welfare crops,building,and animals)from any known or anticipated adverse effect associated with a pollutant.
D)Secondary standards are limits needed to protect the public welfare crops,building,and animals)from any known or anticipated adverse effect associated with a pollutant.
E)Secondary standards are limits needed to protect the public welfare crops,building,and animals)from any known or anticipated adverse effect associated with a pollutant.

Question 7

How is the appropriate remedy in a nuisance claim determined?

Accepted Answer

A)The injured party in a nuisance case may either obtain an injunction prohibiting
continuation of the nuisance or receive permanent damage,depending on a balancing act of the costs of preventing the nuisance and the amount of the damages.
B)The injured party in a nuisance case may either obtain an injunction prohibiting continuation of the nuisance or receive permanent damage,depending on a balancing act of the costs of preventing the nuisance and the amount of the damages.
C)The injured party in a nuisance case may either obtain an injunction prohibiting continuation of the nuisance or receive permanent damage,depending on a balancing act of the costs of preventing the nuisance and the amount of the damages.

Question 8

Once the administrator of the EPA establishes National Ambient Air Quality Standards,each state has ________ to draft a state implementation plan.

Accepted Answer

A)Once the administrator of the EPA establishes the NAAQS,each state has nine months to draft a state implementation plan SIP)addressing how it will ensure that pollutants in the air within its boundaries meet the primary NAAQS within three years and the secondary standards within a reasonable time.
B)Once the administrator of the EPA establishes the NAAQS,each state has nine months to draft a state implementation plan SIP)addressing how it will ensure that pollutants in the air within its boundaries meet the primary NAAQS within three years and the secondary standards within a reasonable time.
C)Once the administrator of the EPA establishes the NAAQS,each state has nine months to draft a state implementation plan SIP)addressing how it will ensure that pollutants in the air within its boundaries meet the primary NAAQS within three years and the secondary standards within a reasonable time.
D)Once the administrator of the EPA establishes the NAAQS,each state has nine months to draft a state implementation plan SIP)addressing how it will ensure that pollutants in the air within its boundaries meet the primary NAAQS within three years and the secondary standards within a reasonable time.
E)Once the administrator of the EPA establishes the NAAQS,each state has nine months to draft a state implementation plan SIP)addressing how it will ensure that pollutants in the air within its boundaries meet the primary NAAQS within three years and the secondary standards within a reasonable time.

Question 9

A law limiting the amount of animal waste that a farmer can dump into a local river is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)The primary approach to protecting the environment has been direct regulation.
Direct regulations set specific limits on the amount of pollutants which can be discharged.
B)The primary approach to protecting the environment has been direct regulation.Direct regulations set specific limits on the amount of pollutants which can be discharged.
C)The primary approach to protecting the environment has been direct regulation.Direct regulations set specific limits on the amount of pollutants which can be discharged.
D)The primary approach to protecting the environment has been direct regulation.Direct regulations set specific limits on the amount of pollutants which can be discharged.
E)The primary approach to protecting the environment has been direct regulation.Direct regulations set specific limits on the amount of pollutants which can be discharged.

Question 10

Every ________ the EPA must review the scientific evidence to determine whether new discoveries have shown that the National Ambient Air Quality Standards should be changed.

Accepted Answer

A)The EPA is required to review the primary and secondary NAAQS every five
years in the context of new scientific evidence.
B)The EPA is required to review the primary and secondary NAAQS every five years in the context of new scientific evidence.
C)The EPA is required to review the primary and secondary NAAQS every five years in the context of new scientific evidence.
D)The EPA is required to review the primary and secondary NAAQS every five years in the context of new scientific evidence.
E)The EPA is required to review the primary and secondary NAAQS every five years in the context of new scientific evidence.

Question 11

The government determines a permissible amount of carbon emissions and issues a required number of permits to get to that amount.This is an example of :

Accepted Answer

A)The government can determine how much of a given pollutant should be emitted
during a year and issue the requisite number of permits to allow that amount,prohibiting any emissions without a permit.This is referred to as marketable discharge permits.
B)The government can determine how much of a given pollutant should be emitted during a year and issue the requisite number of permits to allow that amount,prohibiting any emissions without a permit.This is referred to as marketable discharge permits.
C)The government can determine how much of a given pollutant should be emitted during a year and issue the requisite number of permits to allow that amount,prohibiting any emissions without a permit.This is referred to as marketable discharge permits.
D)The government can determine how much of a given pollutant should be emitted during a year and issue the requisite number of permits to allow that amount,prohibiting any emissions without a permit.This is referred to as marketable discharge permits.
E)The government can determine how much of a given pollutant should be emitted during a year and issue the requisite number of permits to allow that amount,prohibiting any emissions without a permit.This is referred to as marketable discharge permits.

Question 12

When a nuisance occurs,what remedies are available to the injured party?

Accepted Answer

A)The injured party in a nuisance case may either obtain an injunction prohibiting
continuation of the nuisance or receive permanent damages.
B)The injured party in a nuisance case may either obtain an injunction prohibiting continuation of the nuisance or receive permanent damages.
C)The injured party in a nuisance case may either obtain an injunction prohibiting continuation of the nuisance or receive permanent damages.
D)The injured party in a nuisance case may either obtain an injunction prohibiting continuation of the nuisance or receive permanent damages.
E)The injured party in a nuisance case may either obtain an injunction prohibiting continuation of the nuisance or receive permanent damages.

Question 13

Regulations that aim to achieve the greatest possible improvements while taking into account the existing levels of technology are known as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)Some standards are technology-driven,meaning that they are set to achieve the
greatest possible improvements while taking into account existing levels of technology.
B)Some standards are technology-driven,meaning that they are set to achieve the greatest possible improvements while taking into account existing levels of technology.
C)Some standards are technology-driven,meaning that they are set to achieve the greatest possible improvements while taking into account existing levels of technology.
D)Some standards are technology-driven,meaning that they are set to achieve the greatest possible improvements while taking into account existing levels of technology.
E)Some standards are technology-driven,meaning that they are set to achieve the greatest possible improvements while taking into account existing levels of technology.

Question 14

A state implementation plan established following the establishment of National Ambient Air Quality Standards must address the means by which the state is going to ensure that the pollutants in the air within its boundaries will meet the primary National Ambient Air Quality Standards within of their establishment.

Accepted Answer

A)Once the administrator of the EPA establishes the NAAQS,each state has nine months to draft a state implementation plan SIP)addressing how it will ensure that pollutants in the air within its boundaries meet the primary NAAQS within three years and the secondary standards within a reasonable time.
B)Once the administrator of the EPA establishes the NAAQS,each state has nine months to draft a state implementation plan SIP)addressing how it will ensure that pollutants in the air within its boundaries meet the primary NAAQS within three years and the secondary standards within a reasonable time.
C)Once the administrator of the EPA establishes the NAAQS,each state has nine months to draft a state implementation plan SIP)addressing how it will ensure that pollutants in the air within its boundaries meet the primary NAAQS within three years and the secondary standards within a reasonable time.
D)Once the administrator of the EPA establishes the NAAQS,each state has nine months to draft a state implementation plan SIP)addressing how it will ensure that pollutants in the air within its boundaries meet the primary NAAQS within three years and the secondary standards within a reasonable time.
E)Once the administrator of the EPA establishes the NAAQS,each state has nine months to draft a state implementation plan SIP)addressing how it will ensure that pollutants in the air within its boundaries meet the primary NAAQS within three years and the secondary standards within a reasonable time.

Question 15

Referencing the National Ambient Air Quality Standards,________ standards are standards necessary to protect the public health,including an adequate margin of safety.

Accepted Answer

A)Primary standards are those necessary to protect the public health,including an
adequate margin of safety.
B)Primary standards are those necessary to protect the public health,including an adequate margin of safety.
C)Primary standards are those necessary to protect the public health,including an adequate margin of safety.
D)Primary standards are those necessary to protect the public health,including an adequate margin of safety.
E)Primary standards are those necessary to protect the public health,including an adequate margin of safety.

Question 16

States that did not meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards are known by which of the following terms?

Accepted Answer

A)States did not meet the original NAAQS within the mandated time,so the 1990
Clean Air Act amendments addressed these so-called nonattainment areas.
B)States did not meet the original NAAQS within the mandated time,so the 1990 Clean Air Act amendments addressed these so-called nonattainment areas.
C)States did not meet the original NAAQS within the mandated time,so the 1990 Clean Air Act amendments addressed these so-called nonattainment areas.
D)States did not meet the original NAAQS within the mandated time,so the 1990 Clean Air Act amendments addressed these so-called nonattainment areas.
E)States did not meet the original NAAQS within the mandated time,so the 1990 Clean Air Act amendments addressed these so-called nonattainment areas.

Question 17

The government gives power plants a $10,000 reduction on their annual taxes for each pollution control device installed.The tax reduction is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)Under a subsidy system,the government gives firms tax credits,low-interest
loans,and/or grants if they install pollution control devices or change their production methods to reduce harmful emissions.
B)Under a subsidy system,the government gives firms tax credits,low-interest loans,and/or grants if they install pollution control devices or change their production methods to reduce harmful emissions.
C)Under a subsidy system,the government gives firms tax credits,low-interest loans,and/or grants if they install pollution control devices or change their production methods to reduce harmful emissions.
D)Under a subsidy system,the government gives firms tax credits,low-interest loans,and/or grants if they install pollution control devices or change their production methods to reduce harmful emissions.
E)Under a subsidy system,the government gives firms tax credits,low-interest loans,and/or grants if they install pollution control devices or change their production methods to reduce harmful emissions.

Question 18

If emissions standards are established for cars but the cars cannot possibly meet those emissions standards with any current technology or manufacturing processes,the new emissions standards are an example of what type of regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)Technology forcing regulations are based primarily on health considerations,with the assumption that once standards had been established,industries would be forced to develop technology to meet them.
B)Technology forcing regulations are based primarily on health considerations,with the assumption that once standards had been established,industries would be forced to develop technology to meet them.
C)Technology forcing regulations are based primarily on health considerations,with the assumption that once standards had been established,industries would be forced to develop technology to meet them.
D)Technology forcing regulations are based primarily on health considerations,with the assumption that once standards had been established,industries would be forced to develop technology to meet them.
E)Technology forcing regulations are based primarily on health considerations,with the assumption that once standards had been established,industries would be forced to develop technology to meet them.

Question 19

taxes reference the taxation of environmentally harmful activities.

Accepted Answer

A)An idea that is popular in Europe and gaining interest in the United States is the
imposition of green taxes on environmentally harmful activities.
B)An idea that is popular in Europe and gaining interest in the United States is the imposition of green taxes on environmentally harmful activities.
C)An idea that is popular in Europe and gaining interest in the United States is the imposition of green taxes on environmentally harmful activities.
D)An idea that is popular in Europe and gaining interest in the United States is the imposition of green taxes on environmentally harmful activities.
E)An idea that is popular in Europe and gaining interest in the United States is the imposition of green taxes on environmentally harmful activities.

Question 20

Which of the following,if any,references regulations passed primarily on health considerations with the assumption that once standards have been established,industries will be forced to develop the technology to meet the standards?

Accepted Answer

A)Most early environmental regulations in the United States were technology forcing,meaning that they were based primarily on health considerations,with the assumption that once standards had been established,industries would be forced to develop technology to meet them.
B)Most early environmental regulations in the United States were technology forcing,meaning that they were based primarily on health considerations,with the assumption that once standards had been established,industries would be forced to develop technology to meet them.
C)Most early environmental regulations in the United States were technology forcing,meaning that they were based primarily on health considerations,with the assumption that once standards had been established,industries would be forced to develop technology to meet them.
D)Most early environmental regulations in the United States were technology forcing,meaning that they were based primarily on health considerations,with the assumption that once standards had been established,industries would be forced to develop technology to meet them.
E)Most early environmental regulations in the United States were technology forcing,meaning that they were based primarily on health considerations,with the assumption that once standards had been established,industries would be forced to develop technology to meet them.

Quiz 46: Environmental Law