A patient complains of pain.The nursing order calls for pain medication via injection.The patient is afraid of needles.The nurse can assist the patient through this stressful incident by encouraging the patient to think of a relaxing situation.The nurse's actions can be identified as:

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Cognitive therapy teaches patients how certain thinking patterns cause symptoms of stress or depression.Cognitive therapy focuses on changing ways of thinking so that a patient feels empowered and in control of his or her own life.Restorative care occurs when a person has recovered from a stressful situation,and is taught stress management skills to reduce the number and intensity of stress responses in future situations.Assertiveness training teaches individuals to communicate effectively regarding their needs and desires.The ability to resolve conflict with others through assertiveness training reduces stress.When a group leader teaches assertiveness,the effects of interacting with other people increase the benefits of the experience.Progressive muscle relaxation diminishes physiological tension through a systematic approach to releasing tension in major muscle groups.

A Patient Complains of Pain