Question 1

The ________ artery lies on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney.

Accepted Answer

The arcuate artery lies on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney, running along the base of the pyramidal lobules.

Question 2

If the diameter of the efferent arterioles leading away from the glomerulus increases (vasodilation)which of the following is not likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation of the efferent arterioles decreases resistance in these vessels, which can lead to an increase in blood flow away from the glomerulus. This does not directly affect systemic blood pressure, which is influenced by overall vascular resistance and cardiac output, not changes in a specific small vessel.

Question 3

Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle?

Accepted Answer

The vasa recta is associated with the renal medulla and loop of Henle, not the renal corpuscle. The renal corpuscle includes a fenestrated capillary, a podocyte, and an efferent arteriole.

Question 4

The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the ________.

Accepted Answer

The nephron loop plays a critical role in establishing the medullary osmotic gradient due to its unique permeability properties. The descending limb is highly permeable to water while the ascending limb is selectively permeable to ions, creating a concentration gradient that drives the reabsorption of salt and water.

Question 5

The descending limb of the nephron loop ________.

Accepted Answer

The descending limb of the nephron loop is permeable to water but not to solutes, which means as the fluid moves down into the medulla, it loses water to the surrounding hypertonic tissue, becoming more concentrated.

Question 6

Bulk flow of nutrients,ions and water into the peritubular capillaries is the result of all of the following except one.Select the answer below that does not describe a cause of bulk flow of fluids into the peritubular capillaries.

Accepted Answer

Leaky tight junctions of peritubular capillary's endothelium would not cause bulk flow of fluids into the peritubular capillaries. Bulk flow is primarily driven by osmotic and hydrostatic pressures, not the permeability of junctions.

Question 7

If the diameter of the efferent arterioles leading away from the glomerulus decrease (vasoconstriction)which of the following is not likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the diameter of the efferent arterioles...

Question 8

The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because it ________.

Accepted Answer

The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys, also called renal adipose tissue, serves as a cushion that holds the kidneys in their normal position and protects them from injury. It also plays a role in maintaining blood pressure and metabolism, but its primary function is supporting the position of the kidneys.

Question 9

The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the ________.

Accepted Answer

The nephron is the functional and structural unit of the kidneys, responsible for filtering and processing blood to form urine. The glomerular capsule, nephron loop, and capsular space are all structures within the nephron, but they do not represent the entire unit.

Question 10

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between the intrinsic and extrinsic controls of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic controls of the kidney, such as the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, primarily regulate systemic blood pressure, while intrinsic controls, such as the autoregulation of GFR, primarily regulate the rate of filtration within the kidneys.

Question 11

The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ________.

Accepted Answer

The kidneys produce renin in response to a decrease in blood pressure. Renin helps to increase blood pressure by stimulating aldosterone release from the adrenal cortex, which increases sodium reabsorption in the kidney, leading to retention of water and ultimately increasing blood volume and pressure.

Question 12

If the glomerular mesangial cells contract,reducing the overall surface area of the glomerulus which of the following is not likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

If the mesangial cells contract and reduce the surface area of the glomerulus, the systemic blood pressure is not likely to be lowered. The other options are likely to occur as a result of reduced glomerular surface area. B) The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) will decrease because the filtration surface area is reduced. C) The net filtration rate will decrease because the rate of filtration is decreased. D) Urine output will decrease because less filtrate is produced.

Question 13

An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) increases the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water, allowing more water to be reabsorbed from the urine back into the body. Therefore, an increase in the production of ADH would increase the permeability of the cells to water. The other options do not directly affect the permeability of the cells to water in the collecting tubule.

Question 14

Select the correct statement about the ureters.

Accepted Answer

The ureters exhibit peristaltic movements to propel urine from the kidneys to the bladder, similar to the peristaltic movements seen in the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 15

If the diameter of the afferent arterioles leading to the glomerulus increases (vasodilation)which of the following is not likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation of the afferent arteriole will decrease resistance to blood flow into the glomerulus, which normally results in an increased filtration rate and urine output. The net filtration pressure in the glomerulus will also increase. However, systemic blood pressure is unlikely to increase because the vasodilation of the afferent arteriole will reduce the resistance to blood flow, which may help to decrease systemic blood pressure rather than raise it.

Question 16

If blood pressure drops very low (MAP is below 80mmHg)renin enzyme will be secreted by granular cells.Which of the following is not likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

When renin is secreted due to low blood pressure, it initiates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) which leads to the retention of sodium and water, increasing blood volume and pressure. This process does not directly increase kidney perfusion; instead, it aims to restore blood pressure to normal levels. Increased kidney perfusion is not a direct effect of renin secretion but rather a goal of the physiological adjustments it promotes.

Question 17

Which of the choices below is not a function of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Eliminating solid, undigested wastes and excreting carbon dioxide, water, salts, and heat is a function of the digestive and respiratory systems, not the urinary system. The other choices are all functions of the urinary system.

Question 18

The urinary bladder is composed of ________ epithelium.

Accepted Answer

The urinary bladder is composed of transitional epithelium, which is designed to stretch and accommodate changes in volume as urine is stored.

Question 19

If the diameter of the afferent arterioles leading to the glomerulus decreases (vasoconstriction)which of the following is not likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

If the diameter of the afferent arterioles leading to the glomerulus decreases, it would lead to vasoconstriction, which would result in a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and net filtration pressure, as well as a decrease in urine output. However, systemic blood pressure would not necessarily be affected by this localized vasoconstriction.

Question 20

Reabsorption of nutrients like glucose and amino acids takes place in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)via cotransporters that utilize secondary active transport.Which of the following would stop the reabsorption of glucose at the apical surface of the cells in the PCT?

Accepted Answer

The Na+-K+ ATPase on the basolateral surface of PCT cells is crucial for maintaining a low intracellular Na+ concentration, which drives the secondary active transport of glucose at the apical surface. Without this pump, the gradient necessary for glucose reabsorption would be lost, stopping the process.

Quiz 25: The Urinary System

The ________ artery lies on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney.

If the diameter of the efferent arterioles leading away from the glomerulus increases (vasodilation) which of the following is not likely to occur?

Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle?

The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the ________.

The descending limb of the nephron loop ________.

Bulk flow of nutrients,ions and water into the peritubular capillaries is the result of all of the following except one.Select the answer below that does not describe a cause of bulk flow of fluids into the peritubular capillaries.

If the diameter of the efferent arterioles leading away from the glomerulus decrease (vasoconstriction) which of the following is not likely to occur?

The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because it ________.

The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is the ________.

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between the intrinsic and extrinsic controls of the kidney?

The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ________.

If the glomerular mesangial cells contract,reducing the overall surface area of the glomerulus which of the following is not likely to occur?

An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to a(n) ________.

Select the correct statement about the ureters.

If the diameter of the afferent arterioles leading to the glomerulus increases (vasodilation) which of the following is not likely to occur?

If blood pressure drops very low (MAP is below 80mmHg) renin enzyme will be secreted by granular cells.Which of the following is not likely to occur?

Which of the choices below is not a function of the urinary system?

The urinary bladder is composed of ________ epithelium.

If the diameter of the afferent arterioles leading to the glomerulus decreases (vasoconstriction) which of the following is not likely to occur?

Reabsorption of nutrients like glucose and amino acids takes place in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) via cotransporters that utilize secondary active transport.Which of the following would stop the reabsorption of glucose at the apical surface of the cells in the PCT?