Question 1

Match the following groups with the appropriate characteristics listed
-Historically, the most frequently recruited subjects in research studies.

Accepted Answer

Historically, 18 to 60-year-old white North American males have been the most frequently recruited subjects in research studies.

Answer: B and C
 The very young and very elderly, as well as children and adolescents, are also frequently recruited subjects in research studies, depending on the specific focus of the study.

Answer: D and E
 While not historically the most frequently recruited subjects, adults and the elderly, as well as women, are also commonly studied populations in research.

Question 2

Match the following groups with the appropriate characteristics listed
-Possess ingrained and difficult-to-change health related values.

Accepted Answer

Adults and the elderly are more likely to have ingrained and difficult-to-change health-related values due to their longer life experiences and established habits.

Question 3

The field of health psychology has adequately addressed the complex health issues of sexual minority groups such as gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people.

Accepted Answer

While health psychology has made strides in addressing issues relevant to sexual minority groups, it has not yet fully or adequately addressed the complex health issues these groups face, including disparities in mental health, access to care, and the impacts of stigma and discrimination.

Question 4

Match the following terms with their descriptions in
-Predicts how long a person is likely to live after receiving treatment.

Accepted Answer

The quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) scale is a measure used to predict how long a person is likely to live after receiving treatment. It takes into account the quality of life the person is likely to experience, allowing for a more accurate calculation of the benefits of the treatment.

Question 5

A patient's right to choose or withdraw treatment may be discussed in a hospital's bioethics committee.

Accepted Answer

Bioethics committees are responsible for advising healthcare professionals and patients on issues related to ethical and moral aspects of medical care, including end-of-life decisions and patients' rights to make decisions about their treatment.

Question 6

Match the following terms with their descriptions in
-Deals with questions regarding the patient's right to choose treatments.

Accepted Answer

Bioethics committees typically deal with ethical dilemmas in healthcare, including issues surrounding patients' rights to choose treatments.

The other terms relate to different aspects of healthcare decision-making:
A) Cost-benefit ratio: Compares the cost of a treatment to the benefits it provides.
B) Ecological momentary assessment: A research method that measures behaviors and experiences in real-time and real-world settings.
D) Stages of change model: A theory about the process individuals go through when changing behaviors.
E) Quality-adjusted life years scale: A tool used to measure the impact of a health condition on a patient's quality of life.

Question 7

Match the following terms with their descriptions in
-The steps in people's readiness to change health?related behaviours.

Accepted Answer

The stages of change model outlines the different stages individuals go through when changing their health-related behaviors, including pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance.

A) Cost-benefit ratio is a concept related to decision-making that takes into account the costs and benefits of a particular action. While it may play a role in an individual's decision to change their health behavior, it is not a specific step in the stages of change model.

B) Ecological momentary assessment is a research method that involves collecting data on individuals' experiences and behaviors in real time, using mobile technology. It is not a step in the stages of change model.

C) Bioethics committees are groups of experts who provide guidance on ethical issues related to healthcare and research. While they may be involved in decisions related to health behavior change, they are not a specific step in the stages of change model.

E) Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) is a measure of health that takes into account both the quantity and the quality of life. While it may be relevant to decisions related to health behavior change, it is not a specific step in the stages of change model.

Question 8

In medical settings today, psychologists work mainly on the administration and interpretation of psychological tests.

Accepted Answer

While psychologists do administer and interpret psychological tests, they also provide a range of other services including therapy/counseling, psychoeducation, and consultation with other healthcare providers.

Question 9

Match the following groups with the appropriate characteristics listed
-Neglected in health research until the 1980s.

Accepted Answer

Women were neglected in health research until the 1980s.

Answer: B
 The very young and very elderly were also neglected in health research until the 1980s.

Answer: A
 18 to 60-year-old white North American males were not neglected in health research until the 1980s.

Answer: C 
 Children and adolescents were not neglected in health research until the 1980s.

Answer: D
 Adults and the elderly were not neglected in health research until the 1980s.

Question 10

The "bottom line" issues in deciding whether to offer wellness programs or psychosocial interventions are efficacy and cost?benefit ratio.

Accepted Answer

Efficacy and cost-benefit ratio are the primary factors that need to be considered when deciding whether to offer wellness programs or psychosocial interventions.

Question 11

Match the following terms with their descriptions in
-Assesses extent to which providing an intervention saves more money than it costs.

Accepted Answer

Cost-benefit ratio is the term that matches the description provided. It evaluates the financial impact of an intervention by determining whether the benefits outweigh the costs.

B) Ecological momentary assessment: This term refers to a research method that captures real-time data on individuals' behaviors, emotions, and environmental context.

C) Bioethics committees: These are groups that are responsible for reviewing ethical issues related to research and clinical practice.

D) Stages of Change model: This term refers to a theoretical framework that describes the process of behavior change, suggesting that individuals move through different stages when trying to make a change.

E) Quality-Adjusted Life Years scale: This is a measure of health outcomes that takes into account both the quantity and quality of life lived.

Question 12

Calculating financial costs and benefits of interventions are standard practice for psychologists.

Accepted Answer

Calculating financial costs and benefits is typically not a standard practice for psychologists, as their focus is primarily on improving mental health and well-being. However, some psychologists may take into account financial considerations when making treatment recommendations or evaluating the effectiveness of interventions.

Question 13

From 1974 to 1985, the number of psychologists working in health care more than doubled.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true as it states that the number of psychologists working in health care more than doubled between 1974 and 1985.

Question 14

Match the following groups with the appropriate characteristics listed
-Use health services more than other groups.

Accepted Answer

The very young and very elderly use health services more than other groups because they are more likely to have chronic health conditions and require regular medical care.

Question 15

Match the following terms with their descriptions in
-Method which allows researchers to examine people's behaviour and feelings in daily life.

Accepted Answer

Ecological momentary assessment is the method which allows researchers to examine people's behavior and feelings in daily life. Cost-benefit ratio is a comparison between the advantages and disadvantages of a particular action or decision. Bioethics committees are groups tasked with evaluating the ethical aspects of research studies. Stages of change model is a framework for understanding behavior change. Quality-adjusted life years scale is a way of measuring the overall health impact of a medical intervention or treatment.

Question 16

Match the following groups with the appropriate characteristics listed
-The formation of health beliefs and habits occurs in these groups.

Accepted Answer

Children and adolescents are in the developmental stages where they form health beliefs and habits, influenced by family, peers, education, and media.

Question 17

The cognitive and behavioural approaches psychologists use to change health behaviours have been found to be relatively ineffective in producing initial change.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive and behavioural approaches are actually quite effective in producing initial change in health behaviours. However, maintaining long-term behaviour change can be more challenging.

Question 18

There will likely be no need for health psychologists to expand our current definition of health.

Accepted Answer

As our understanding of health and its determinants continues to evolve, health psychologists will likely need to expand and revise our current definition of health to account for new factors and perspectives.

Question 19

Extensive research has been done on how health beliefs and habits develop during childhood and adolescence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Extensive research has been done on how...

Question 20

The quality-adjusted life years scale is useful in determining the value of different treatments.

Accepted Answer

Quality-adjusted life years (QALY) is a widely used measure of health outcomes that combines both the quantity and quality of life lived. It is a valuable tool for determining the value of different health interventions and helps to optimize resource allocation in healthcare systems.

Quiz 15: Whats Ahead for Health Psychology

Match the following groups with the appropriate characteristics listed -Historically, the most frequently recruited subjects in research studies.

Match the following groups with the appropriate characteristics listed -Possess ingrained and difficult-to-change health related values.

The field of health psychology has adequately addressed the complex health issues of sexual minority groups such as gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people.

Match the following terms with their descriptions in -Predicts how long a person is likely to live after receiving treatment.

A patient's right to choose or withdraw treatment may be discussed in a hospital's bioethics committee.

Match the following terms with their descriptions in -Deals with questions regarding the patient's right to choose treatments.

Match the following terms with their descriptions in -The steps in people's readiness to change health?related behaviours.

In medical settings today, psychologists work mainly on the administration and interpretation of psychological tests.

Match the following groups with the appropriate characteristics listed -Neglected in health research until the 1980s.

The "bottom line" issues in deciding whether to offer wellness programs or psychosocial interventions are efficacy and cost?benefit ratio.

Match the following terms with their descriptions in -Assesses extent to which providing an intervention saves more money than it costs.

Calculating financial costs and benefits of interventions are standard practice for psychologists.

From 1974 to 1985, the number of psychologists working in health care more than doubled.

Match the following groups with the appropriate characteristics listed -Use health services more than other groups.

Match the following terms with their descriptions in -Method which allows researchers to examine people's behaviour and feelings in daily life.

Match the following groups with the appropriate characteristics listed -The formation of health beliefs and habits occurs in these groups.

The cognitive and behavioural approaches psychologists use to change health behaviours have been found to be relatively ineffective in producing initial change.

There will likely be no need for health psychologists to expand our current definition of health.

Extensive research has been done on how health beliefs and habits develop during childhood and adolescence.

The quality-adjusted life years scale is useful in determining the value of different treatments.