Walter B. Cannon challenged the James-Lange theory of emotion by noting that both animals and human studies showed that spinal cord injuries that disrupted signals to the sympathetic nervous system resulted in greatly reduced feelings of emotional intensity.

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Walter B. Cannon challenged the James-Lange theory by arguing that emotions could occur without the involvement of the sympathetic nervous system, suggesting that bodily responses and emotion are not as directly linked as the James-Lange theory proposed. His critique was based on observations that emotions can still be experienced even when bodily feedback is minimized or absent, not specifically on studies of spinal cord injuries.

Walter B Cannon Challenged the James-Lange Theory of Emotion by Noting