Question 1

Interactive dualism is the idea that:

Accepted Answer

Interactive dualism is a philosophical concept that suggests that the mind and body are separate entities that interact to create conscious experiences. This view posits that the mind is not reducible to physical processes in the brain, but rather is a non-physical entity that interacts with the body through complex mechanisms. This idea is often associated with the philosopher René Descartes, who believed that the mind and body were distinct substances that interacted with each other through the pineal gland. While this view has been criticized by some as being overly simplistic or even outdated, it continues to be influential in contemporary discussions of consciousness and the nature of the mind.

Question 2

How did physiology contribute to the emergence of psychology as a separate scientific discipline?

Accepted Answer

Physiologists, such as Wilhelm Wundt, demonstrated that scientific methods could be applied to understanding human behavior and mental processes. By focusing on observable and measurable processes, such as reaction times and sensory perception, they paved the way for psychology to become a distinct, empirical science.

Question 3

"What are the most basic units or structures of conscious thought?" This is a question that would MOST likely be of interest to a follower of:

Accepted Answer

This question is focused on identifying the basic units or structures of conscious thought, which is a central theme in structuralism. Structuralists believed that the key to understanding human consciousness and behavior was to break down the mind into its fundamental components or structures. Thus, a follower of structuralism would be most interested in this question, as opposed to humanism, behaviorism or functionalism, which looked at other aspects of the human mind and behavior.

Question 4

Structuralism:

Accepted Answer

Structuralism was a school of psychology that believed that complex conscious experiences could be analyzed into basic elemental structures of sensations and feelings. This approach was concerned with identifying the components of conscious experience and their arrangement in complex mental structures. Structuralists searched for the "atoms" of the mind, similar to how chemists broke down matter into its basic elements.

Question 5

Wilhelm Wundt defined psychology as:

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt is often called the "father of psychology" because he is considered the founder of the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in 1879. Wundt defined psychology as the scientific study of conscious experience or inner perception. Therefore, the correct answer choice is D - the study of consciousness.

Question 6

Which early approach or school of psychology is associated with Wilhelm Wundt's student Edward Titchener?

Accepted Answer

Edward Titchener is closely associated with the early school of psychology known as structuralism, which sought to understand the mind by breaking it down into its basic components, such as sensations, feelings, and perceptions. Titchener was a student of Wilhelm Wundt, who is often regarded as the founder of psychology as an experimental and scientific discipline.

Question 7

The early psychological school of thought called structuralism emphasized the study of:

Accepted Answer

Structuralism focused on analyzing the elemental component parts of sensations, feelings, and conscious experience, as opposed to larger behaviors or physiological processes.

Question 8

For centuries philosophers debated which was more important: the inborn _____ of an individual or the environmental influences that _____ the individual.

Accepted Answer

The debate between nature versus nurture has been ongoing for centuries in the field of psychology. The argument revolves around whether an individual's behavior and personality are determined by genetics (nature) or environmental factors (nurture). Therefore, the most appropriate choice would be A, nature versus nurture.

Question 9

French philosopher René Descartes:

Accepted Answer

René Descartes promoted a doctrine called interactive dualism, which suggests that the mind and body are separate entities that interact with each other. This notion had a significant influence on the development of modern psychology.

Question 10

Wilhelm Wundt investigated which of the following phenomena?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt is considered the father of experimental psychology and he is known for investigating fundamental psychological processes, such as mental reaction times in response to visual and auditory stimuli. He studied perception, attention, and memory using experimental methods, and emphasized the importance of introspection and the scientific study of consciousness.

Question 11

Physiology is:

Accepted Answer

Physiology is specifically defined as the branch of biology that deals with the functions and parts of living organisms, including humans. Choices B, C, and D are not correct as they describe other concepts and schools of thought in psychology.

Question 12

You are a subject in an experiment, and you are told: "Look at this apple very carefully and tell me your exact sensations and feelings as you experience them." The experimenter in this study probably believes in what school of psychology?

Accepted Answer

The experimenter in this study probably believes in structuralism, which emphasizes the analysis of subjective experiences into their constituent elements.

Question 13

It took more than ten years to write and was 1,400 pages long when it was published. Who wrote the landmark textbook Principles of Psychology?

Accepted Answer

The landmark textbook Principles of Psychology was written by William James. It took him over ten years to write and was published in 1890, totaling 1,400 pages. John B. Watson, Margaret Floy Washburn, and B.F. Skinner were all influential psychologists, but they did not write Principles of Psychology.

Question 14

Wilhelm Wundt:

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt was a German physiologist who established the first psychology research laboratory at the University of Leipzig.

Question 15

Which early school of psychology relied on a method called introspection?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism relied on the method of introspection, which involved patients reporting their conscious experiences in response to stimuli. This method was used to analyze the basic elements of human consciousness.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately reflects the nature-nurture issue in contemporary psychology, which explores the relative roles of genetics and environmental factors in influencing behavior. The other statements are either inaccurate (A and D) or misleading (C).

Question 17

In thinking about psychology and consciousness the idea that the mind and the body are separate entities that interact makes a lot of sense to you. This view is MOST likely the view of the French philosopher:

Accepted Answer

The idea that the mind and body are separate entities that interact is known as Cartesian dualism, which was proposed by René Descartes, a French philosopher. Descartes believed that the mind and body were fundamentally different substances, with the mind being non-physical and the body being physical. This view has had a significant impact on the development of psychology and the study of consciousness.

Question 18

Which of the following was the first school of thought or approach in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism is considered to be the first school of thought or approach in psychology. It focused on breaking down mental experiences into their basic components and analyzing their structure. This approach was developed by Wilhelm Wundt in the late 19th century.

Question 19

Which famous Greek philosopher wrote extensively about psychological topics such as sleep and dreaming, the senses, and memory?

Accepted Answer

Aristotle wrote extensively about psychological topics such as sleep and dreaming, the senses, and memory in his works "On Sleep and Sleeplessness," "On Sense and Sensibilia," and "On Memory and Reminiscence." Descartes, Calkins, and James were not ancient Greek philosophers and did not write extensively about these topics.

Question 20

Which of the following events do most historians consider as the formal beginning of psychology as a scientific discipline?

Accepted Answer

The establishment of the first psychology research laboratory by Wilhelm Wundt in 1879 is considered the formal beginning of psychology as a scientific discipline because it marked a shift towards empirical observation and experimentation in the study of human behavior and mental processes. While Aristotle's work was influential in the development of psychology, it was not a scientific discipline in the same sense as Wundt's laboratory-based approach. Watson's behaviorism and Freud's psychoanalytic theory were important contributions to psychology, but they came later and built upon the foundation established by Wundt and his contemporaries.

Quiz 1: Section 2: Introduction and Research Methods