Question 1

According to the hierarchy of needs, human motives follow what pattern, from bottom to top?

Accepted Answer

The hierarchy of needs, proposed by Abraham Maslow, starts with the most fundamental needs at the bottom: physiological needs such as food, water, and sleep; followed by safety needs, such as shelter and security. Social needs for belongingness and love come next, followed by esteem needs such as respect and recognition. Finally, self-actualization needs relating to personal growth and fulfillment are at the top. Therefore, the correct pattern is physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization, which is represented in option D.

Question 2

Two early advocates of a more humanistic perspective on management were

Accepted Answer

Mary Parker Follett and Chester Bernard were influential in advocating for a more humanistic perspective on management. Follett believed in the importance of understanding human behavior and utilizing group dynamics in managing organizations, while Bernard emphasized the role of communication and cooperation in achieving organizational goals. Both of these thinkers were significant contributors to the development of management theory and practice.

Question 3

"The central principle of _______________ is that of integration; the creation of conditions such that the members of the organization can achieve their own goals best by directing their goals toward the success of the enterprise."

Accepted Answer

Theory Y, proposed by Douglas McGregor, emphasizes the integration of individual and organizational goals, suggesting that employees are motivated to work towards the success of the enterprise when their personal goals align with organizational objectives.

Question 4

"The significant factor affecting organizational productivity was not the physical conditions or monetary rewards derived from work but the interpersonal relations develop on-the-job." This was the central finding of:

Accepted Answer

The Hawthorne studies were conducted between 1924 and 1932 at the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company in Chicago. These studies revealed that interpersonal relationships, social dynamics, and human interaction were factors that significantly influenced productivity. The studies found that employees' performance was heavily reliant on their social and psychological needs, such as recognition, social status, and a sense of belonging, which were met through group interactions and work culture. These findings revolutionized organizational theory, leading to the development of theories such as human relations theory that emphasized the importance of social and psychological factors in the workplace.

Question 5

According to the ______________ approach, leadership is a function of three variables -- leader, followers, and situation.

Accepted Answer

The contingency approach states that leadership effectiveness is contingent upon the interplay between the leader's characteristics, followers' characteristics, and situational factors. Therefore, the best choice is E - contingency.

Question 6

How might an administrator actually use Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How might an administrator actually use Maslow's...

Question 7

What was one of the two major ways presented in the text by which top management can approach the challenge of organizational change?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was one of the two major...

Question 8

Explain the contingency approach to leadership.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the contingency approach to leadership....

Question 9

Explained the significance of the Hawthorne studies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explained the significance of the Hawthorne studies....

Question 10

According to the text, which of the following is NOT a stage that groups typically go through as they develop?

Accepted Answer

Interacting is not one of the typical stages of group development. The stages are forming, storming, norming, performing, and sometimes adjourning.

Question 11

The slacker sees others as lazy; the selfish person complains that others do not share; the administrator with low concern for people complains that no one seems to take an interest in him.These are all examples of

Accepted Answer

These examples all demonstrate the defense mechanism of projection, in which an individual unconsciously attributes their own negative qualities or emotions to others. The slacker is actually the lazy one, the selfish person is actually the one who does not share, and the administrator with low concern for people is actually the one who does not take an interest in others.

Question 12

Based on empirical research, we know that all the following factors lead to extreme job satisfaction EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Supervision, while important in the workplace, does not directly lead to extreme job satisfaction in the same way that factors like achievement, recognition, the work itself, and responsibility do. These other factors are more intrinsically motivating and fulfilling to employees.

Question 13

"In contrast to Frederick Taylor, who saw workers responding primarily to economic incentives, Barnard recognized complexities of human motivations." Discuss.

Accepted Answer

The answer of "In contrast to Frederick Taylor, who saw...

Question 14

Political scientist Fred I.Greenstein identifies which of the following qualities as key to effectiveness of presidents as leaders?

Accepted Answer

Fred I. Greenstein emphasizes emotional intelligence as a crucial quality for presidential effectiveness, as it helps leaders manage their emotions and relationships effectively.

Question 15

What leadership traits do you consider most important.Why?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What leadership traits do you consider most...

Question 16

Which of the following management theorist said with more precision than any of his predecessors that different people require different treatment by management?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following management theorist said...

Question 17

According to experts, which of the following statements about committee meetings is LEAST correct?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to experts, which of the following...

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of Reddin's four basic leadership styles?

Accepted Answer

Reddin's four basic leadership styles are directing, supporting, delegating, and coaching.

Question 19

Research on communication suggests all the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research on communication suggests all the following...

Question 20

One study compared the importance of spoken words in communication to the importance of voice (pitch, tone, can break) and facial expressions.The study found that spoken words had a relative weight of:

Accepted Answer

The study referenced is often attributed to Albert Mehrabian, who found that in communication, 7% of the message is conveyed through spoken words, 38% through tone of voice, and 55% through body language, specifically facial expressions. This is particularly true in situations where emotions are being communicated.

Quiz 8: Leading