Question 1

Match the term to its definition by filling in the letter or letters before the term in the appropriate blank.
  ____ In social identity theory,the process through which we draw sharp dividing lines between group membership categories and assign people (including ourselves)to relevant categories
____ Part of dramaturgical sociology referring to the place where we present ourselves to others.
____ The part of the self that is active,engaging in interactions with others.
____ Our internalized,stable sense of who we are.
____ Interactionist theory that describes how society shapes our sense of self and how those views affect our behavior.
____ The ways individuals seek to control the impressions they convey to other people.
____ The impression you believe that you are giving.
____ The actual impression the other person has of you.
____ Our perceptions of our ability to control things important to us.
____ Our sense that we are important to other people in the world.
____ The theory based on the principle that we carry self-definitions that match all the categories to which we belong.
____ Dimension of the Twenty Statements Test referring to our roles and statuses,such as student,daughter or son,or gender.
____ Information from others about our abilities used to derive mastery.
____ A way of building mastery by seeing other people perform tasks;it shows us that the task is accomplishable.
____ Anything we use to describe our unique qualities.
____ The part of the self that includes an organized set of attitudes toward the self.
____ Dimension of the Twenty Statements Test referring to a holistic description of the self.
____ The study of how we present ourselves,playing roles and managing impressions during interactions with other people.
____ Inferences about our abilities based on our emotional states that we use to build our sense of mastery.
____ Being able to achieve what we start out to do;used in the development of mastery.
____ Dimension of the Twenty Statements Test referring to our physical characteristics like hair color or height.
____ Our ability to shift aspects of the self to become more or less important to our overall self-concept.
____ The ways that we believe others view us.
____ Dimension of the Twenty Statements Test referring to our feelings and traits like being shy or nice.
____ The internalized expectations associated with different positions.
____ A process in which we construct a sense of who we are through interaction with others.
____ The outcome of the self-process at a given point in time;the sum total of our thoughts and feelings about ourselves as an object.
____ A drive to maintain a consistent sense of self.
____ In social identity theory,the process through which we make comparisons that favor our own groups.
____ The positive or negative evaluation of our self as an object.
____ The desire to maintain positive self-images.
____ Judgments we make of ourselves,based in others' views.
____ A process in which expectations produce a reality consistent with the assumptions.
____ The kind of person we see ourselves and present ourselves as.
____ The use of symbols and language to communicate internally.
____ Observations of our behavior and its consequences.
____ A temporally based sense of who we are.
____ The theory that incorporates elements of symbolic interactionism and identity theory to explain the role of emotion in identity processes.
____ Part of dramaturgical sociology referring to the region where we relax our impression management efforts.
____ Identities related to social groups to which we belong.
____ Using other people as a point of reference for our thoughts,feelings,and behaviors.
____ A form of self-definition used in social identity theory based on our group affiliations.
_____ Interactionist theory that argues that individuals have a tendency to seek confirmation of self-meanings
_____ The social construction of identities through the use of personal stories.

Accepted Answer

____ In social identity theory,the process through which we draw sharp dividing lines between group membership categories and assign people (including ourselves)to relevant categories.[Answer:W]
____ Part of dramaturgical sociology referring to the place where we present ourselves to others.[Answer:NN]
____ The part of the self that is active,engaging in interactions with others.[Answer:A]
____ Our internalized,stable sense of who we are.[Answer:J]
____ Interactionist theory that describes how society shapes our sense of self and how those views affect our behavior.[Answer:OO]
____ The ways individuals seek to control the impressions they convey to other people.[Answer:Q]
____ The impression you believe that you are giving.[Answer:T]
____ The actual impression the other person has of you.[Answer:U]
____ Our perceptions of our ability to control things important to us.[Answer:KK]
____ Our sense that we are important to other people in the world.[Answer:LL]
____ The theory based on the principle that we carry self-definitions that match all the categories to which we belong.[Answer:K]
____ Dimension of the Twenty Statements Test referring to our roles and statuses,such as student,daughter or son,or gender.[Answer:FF]
____ Information from others about our abilities used to derive mastery.[Answer:H]
____ A way of building mastery by seeing other people perform tasks;it shows us that the task is accomplishable.[Answer:X]
____ Anything we use to describe our unique qualities.[Answer:PP]
____ The part of the self that includes an organized set of attitudes toward the self.[Answer:F]
____ Dimension of the Twenty Statements Test referring to a holistic description of the self.[Answer:CC]
____ The study of how we present ourselves,playing roles and managing impressions during interactions with other people.[Answer:BB]
____ Inferences about our abilities based on our emotional states that we use to build our sense of mastery.[Answer:N]
____ Being able to achieve what we start out to do;used in the development of mastery.[Answer:Z]
____ Dimension of the Twenty Statements Test referring to our physical characteristics like hair color or height.[Answer:DD]
____ Our ability to shift aspects of the self to become more or less important to our overall self-concept.[Answer:R]
____ The ways that we believe others view us.[Answer:HH]
____ Dimension of the Twenty Statements Test referring to our feelings and traits like being shy or nice.[Answer:EE]
____ The internalized expectations associated with different positions.[Answer:L]
____ A process in which we construct a sense of who we are through interaction with others.[Answer:E]
____ The outcome of the self-process at a given point in time;the sum total of our thoughts and feelings about ourselves as an object.[Answer:O]
____ A drive to maintain a consistent sense of self.[Answer:I]
____ In social identity theory,the process through which we make comparisons that favor our own groups.[Answer:JJ]
____ The positive or negative evaluation of our self as an object.[Answer:MM]
____ The desire to maintain positive self-images.[Answer:P]
____ Judgments we make of ourselves,based in others' views.[Answer:B]
____ A process in which expectations produce a reality consistent with the assumptions.[Answer:Y]
____ The kind of person we see ourselves and present ourselves as.[Answer:M]
____ The use of symbols and language to communicate internally.[Answer:D]
____ Observations of our behavior and its consequences.[Answer:S]
____ A temporally based sense of who we are.[Answer:II]
____ The theory that incorporates elements of symbolic interactionism and identity theory to explain the role of emotion in identity processes.[Answer:GG]
____ Part of dramaturgical sociology referring to the region where we relax our impression management efforts.[Answer:C]
____ Identities related to social groups to which we belong.[Answer:V]
____ Using other people as a point of reference for our thoughts,feelings,and behaviors.[Answer:AA]
____ A form of self-definition used in social identity theory based on our group affiliations.[Answer:G]
_____ Interactionist theory that argues that individuals have a tendency to seek confirmation of self-meanings [Answer:QQ]
_____ The social construction of identities through the use of personal stories.[Answer:RR]

Question 2

Identity theory comes from which social-psychological perspective?

Accepted Answer

Identity theory is a perspective within symbolic interactionism, which focuses on how individuals use symbols and communication to create and maintain their identities.

Question 3

A first date would most likely be associated with which area of identity?

Accepted Answer

A first date is a front stage situation, where individuals are actively managing their self-presentation in order to make a positive impression on their date.

Question 4

Which of the following concepts has the strongest impact on self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

Reflected appraisals, the process by which individuals come to understand themselves based on how they believe others view them, have a strong impact on self-esteem. This concept suggests that people's self-views are significantly influenced by the perceptions and evaluations of others around them.

Question 5

What is the best way to build a child's sense of mastery or efficacy?

Accepted Answer

Personal accomplishments are the best way to build a child's sense of mastery or efficacy because they provide actual evidence that the child can be successful at a task, which boosts their confidence and belief in their own abilities. Vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and emotional arousal can also contribute to a child's sense of mastery, but personal accomplishments are the most effective.

Question 6

What did Spencer Cahill's research on "bathroom behavior" clearly show?

Accepted Answer

Spencer Cahill's research on "bathroom behavior" demonstrated that people act very differently in bathrooms than in other areas of life, highlighting the unique norms and behaviors associated with this private space.

Question 7

Which theory is primarily associated with presentation of identities?

Accepted Answer

Dramaturgy is primarily associated with presentation of identities. It suggests that individuals perform their social roles like actors on a stage and present a certain identity to their audience in different settings.

Question 8

Which part or parts of the self-concept is associated with mastery?

Accepted Answer

Self-evaluations are the part of the self-concept that are associated with mastery. Mastery refers to a sense of competence or proficiency in a particular domain or skill. Self-evaluations are the assessments we make about our own abilities and performance, and they play a crucial role in shaping our sense of mastery. When we perceive ourselves as highly competent in a particular area, we are more likely to engage in that activity and achieve even greater levels of mastery.

Question 9

According to Mead,which aspect of our self is out in public,constantly processing new information related to the self?

Accepted Answer

According to Mead, the "I" is the aspect of the self that is out in public, constantly processing new information related to the self. It is the spontaneous and impulsive part of the self that takes action and responds to the environment.

Question 10

Rosenberg's early research on mattering found it positively related to __________ and negatively related to __________.

Accepted Answer

Rosenberg's early research found that mattering was positively related to self-esteem and negatively related to depression. The other options (A, B, and D) are not supported by Rosenberg's early research findings.

Question 11

According to dramaturgical sociology,which area of identity is associated with hanging out with friends while watching television?

Accepted Answer

Hanging out with friends while watching television is considered a private and informal setting, which falls under the category of the "backstage" area of identity in dramaturgical sociology. The "front stage" is where an individual presents themselves in public or formal settings, while the "performance stage" is where a person actively performs a role to an audience.

Question 12

Which theorist is most associated with impression management?

Accepted Answer

Erving Goffman is considered the most associated with impression management. In his book "The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life", Goffman introduced the term and discussed how individuals actively manage their impressions in social situations to create a desired image of themselves.

Question 13

Research generally shows that people modify their behaviors to __________ their sense of self.

Accepted Answer

People tend to modify their behaviors to be in line with their sense of self, in order to maintain consistency between their actions and beliefs. This is known as cognitive consistency theory, which suggests that people have a basic need to maintain a stable and predictable self-concept.

Question 14

Being a Canadian applies to which aspect of our identity?

Accepted Answer

Being Canadian falls under the category of social categories as it refers to one’s affiliation with a particular nation and its culture.

Question 15

Which of the following are elements of identity?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following are elements of...

Question 16

Debating what other people are thinking about you in a public setting is best represented by which term?

Accepted Answer

Self-indication refers to the process of interpreting and responding to the perceived thoughts and evaluations of others about oneself.

Question 17

How do you code the response,"I am an emotional person," according to the Twenty Statements Test?

Accepted Answer

The statement "I am an emotional person" suggests reflection upon one's own emotions and personality traits, which pertains to the reflective self in the Twenty Statements Test. The physical self pertains to physical attributes, the social self pertains to one's relationships and social identity, and the oceanic self pertains to a sense of unity with the universe, none of which are applicable in this context.

Question 18

According to identity theory,how does society impact our sense of self?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to identity theory,how does society impact...

Question 19

Which theory examines the role of emotions in identity processes?

Accepted Answer

Affect control theory examines how emotions influence identity processes and how individuals use emotions as a way to maintain their self-concept. It posits that individuals have internalized cultural expectations about how emotions should be expressed in certain situations, and that emotions help maintain stability in social interactions. The other theories listed do not focus specifically on the role of emotions in identity.

Question 20

Schooler and Oates (2001)found that people who work in jobs that require little supervision from others and who engage in intellectually complex tasks have __________ years later than others who perform more mundane work.

Accepted Answer

Schooler and Oates (2001) found that people who engage in intellectually complex tasks and require little supervision in their work tend to have a higher sense of self-esteem, which may translate to other positive outcomes such as better mental health and a longer lifespan. There is no evidence to suggest that these factors have any direct effect on self-consistency or self-mastery.

Quiz 5: Self and Identity