Question 1

An overproduction of pituitary hormones is called ________.
A)Cushing's syndrome
B)Addison's disease
C)Hyperpituitarism
D)Hypopituitarism

Accepted Answer

An overproduction of pituitary hormones is called hyperpituitarism. Cushing's syndrome is caused by an overproduction of cortisol by the adrenal glands, while Addison's disease is caused by a deficiency of cortisol and aldosterone. Hypopituitarism is a condition in which the pituitary gland produces insufficient levels of one or more hormones.

Question 2

Dwarfism can be caused by a ________.
A)Hypersecretion of ACTH
B)Hyposecretion of ACTH
C)Hypersecretion of growth hormone
D)Hyposecretion of growth hormone

Accepted Answer

Dwarfism can be caused by a hyposecretion of growth hormone, which can lead to stunted growth and a shorter stature.

Question 3

Hypersecretion of GH that causes overgrowth of the hands and feet, abnormal thickening of the bones of the face, and excessive overgrowth of soft tissue, occurring in adulthood, is called ________.
A)Acromegaly
B)Gigantism
C)Dwarfism
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly is the hypersecretion of GH that causes overgrowth of the hands and feet, abnormal thickening of the bones of the face, and excessive overgrowth of soft tissue, occurring in adulthood. Gigantism is a similar condition, but it occurs before puberty leading to excessive height. Dwarfism is a condition resulting from deficient GH secretion causing stunted growth. Therefore, choice A, acromegaly, is the correct answer in this case.

Question 4

Which of the following is not true of the thymus gland?
A)It is located in the neck.
B)It is an endocrine gland.
C)It produces thymosin.
D)It is important in the body's immune system.

Accepted Answer

The thymus gland is not located in the neck, but in the upper chest region.

Question 5

Insufficient secretion of PTH by the parathyroid gland is called ________.
A)Hyperpituitarism
B)Hypoparathyroidism
C)Hyperparathyroidism
D)Hypopituitarism

Accepted Answer

Insufficient secretion of PTH by the parathyroid gland is called hypoparathyroidism. Hyperpituitarism refers to excessive secretion of pituitary hormones, hyperparathyroidism refers to excessive secretion of PTH, and hypopituitarism refers to insufficient secretion of pituitary hormones.

Question 6

The syndrome caused by hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex, which results in excessive circulating cortisol levels, fatigue, muscular weakness, and changes in body appearance is called ________.
A)Cushing's syndrome
B)Hashimoto thyroiditis
C)Addison's disease
D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

Cushing's syndrome is caused by hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex, resulting in excessive circulating cortisol levels. Symptoms include fatigue, muscular weakness, and changes in body appearance such as weight gain, moon face, and buffalo hump. Hashimoto thyroiditis and Addison's disease are not associated with hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex.

Question 7

A condition that is characterized by a decrease in pituitary function caused by tumors, surgery, radiation, or head injury is called ________.
A)Hyperpituitarism
B)Cushing's syndrome
C)Hypopituitarism
D)Addison's disease

Accepted Answer

Hypopituitarism is a condition where there is a decrease in pituitary function caused by tumors, surgery, radiation, or head injury. It can affect the secretion of hormones such as growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin. Hyperpituitarism, on the other hand, is a condition where there is an excess secretion of pituitary hormones, while Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease are caused by dysfunction of the adrenal glands.

Question 8

Which of the following is not true of oxytocin?
A)It is produced in the thyroid gland.
B)It causes the contractions of the uterus during labor.
C)It is one of the few hormones that is regulated by a positive feedback loop.
D)It stimulates "milk letdown" in nursing mothers.

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin is produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland, not the thyroid gland.

Question 9

Which of the following is true of the adrenal medulla?
A)It responds to stimuli from the sympathetic nervous system.
B)It helps produce the "fight-or-flight" response.
C)It releases epinephrine.
D)All of the above are true of the adrenal medulla.

Accepted Answer

The adrenal medulla responds to stimuli from the sympathetic nervous system and helps produce the "fight-or-flight" response. It releases epinephrine as part of this response. Therefore, all of the answer choices are true of the adrenal medulla.

Question 10

Which of the following is not true of the pineal gland?
A)It is located in the brain.
B)It produces melatonin.
C)It helps regulate the body's "biological clock."
D)All of the above are true of the pineal gland.

Accepted Answer

All of the statements A, B, and C are true of the pineal gland.

Question 11

Damage to the pituitary gland, which causes hypopituitarism, can result from ________.
A)Radiation
B)Surgical removal
C)Tumors
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

Damage to the pituitary gland can result from radiation, surgical removal, or tumors. Any of these can cause hypopituitarism, which is a condition in which the pituitary gland is unable to produce sufficient levels of one or more hormones. This can lead to a range of symptoms, depending on which hormones are affected, including fatigue, weight gain, infertility, and decreased bone density, among others. Treatment typically involves hormone replacement therapy to restore normal hormone levels.

Question 12

A condition that is characterized by the production of large amounts of very dilute urine is called?
A)Diabetes insipidus
B)Diabetes mellitus
C)Gestational diabetes
D)Juvenile diabetes

Accepted Answer

Diabetes insipidus is a condition in which the body produces large amounts of very dilute urine due to a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or an inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH. This can result in excessive thirst and dehydration if not properly managed. Diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, and juvenile diabetes all involve problems with insulin regulation and glucose metabolism, but they do not typically cause large amounts of dilute urine.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is not true of the endocrine system?
A)The organs of the endocrine system are widely dispersed in the body.
B)All organs in the endocrine system are glands.
C)Endocrine glands secrete their products into ducts leading to body cavities.
D)Endocrine glands produce hormones.

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete their products directly into the bloodstream, not into ducts leading to body cavities.

Question 14

Insulin and glucagon are produced by the ________.
A)Pancreas
B)Thymus
C)Adrenal cortex
D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

Insulin and glucagon are produced by the pancreas. Insulin is produced by beta cells in the pancreas, while glucagon is produced by alpha cells in the pancreas.

Question 15

The master gland of the endocrine system is the ________.
A)Thyroid gland
B)Pituitary gland
C)Adrenal gland
D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, is considered the master gland of the endocrine system because it regulates the function of other endocrine glands and controls a wide range of bodily functions such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism.

Question 16

Treatment of diabetes mellitus includes ________.
A)A controlled diet and exercise
B)Insulin administration if needed
C)Blood and urine testing
D)All of the above

Accepted Answer

The treatment of diabetes mellitus includes a controlled diet and exercise, insulin administration if needed, and regular blood and urine testing to monitor blood sugar levels and kidney function. All of these methods are important in managing diabetes and preventing complications.

Question 17

Hypersecretion of cortisol causes ________.
A)Addison's disease
B)Cushing's syndrome
C)Myxedema
D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

Hypersecretion of cortisol is associated with Cushing's syndrome, which can be caused by various factors including adrenal tumors or chronic use of corticosteroids. Addison's disease is caused by insufficient production of cortisol, while myxedema is caused by hypothyroidism. Therefore, neither A nor C are the correct choices.

Question 18

Which of the following hormones are not affected by hypopituitarism?
A)ACTH
B)LH
C)GH
D)Oxytocin

Accepted Answer

Hypopituitarism refers to the decreased secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland. Oxytocin is not secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, so it is not affected by hypopituitarism. ACTH, LH, and GH are all secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and are commonly affected by hypopituitarism.

Question 19

A deficiency in the release of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone [ADH]) by the posterior pituitary gland causes ________.
A)Hypoglycemia
B)Dwarfism
C)Diabetes insipidus
D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

A deficiency in the release of vasopressin (ADH) by the posterior pituitary gland causes diabetes insipidus. This is because ADH normally regulates water balance in the body by promoting the reabsorption of water in the kidneys. Without enough ADH, excessive amounts of dilute urine are produced, leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Hypoglycemia and dwarfism are not associated with ADH deficiency.

Question 20

A woman is in labor but the uterine contractions stop.This could be caused by insufficient ________ (a hormone).
A)Oxytocin
B)ADH
C)Pituitary hormone
D)Melatonin

Accepted Answer

Insufficient oxytocin can cause uterine contractions to stop during labor as this hormone is responsible for stimulating the uterus to contract. ADH and melatonin are not involved in the process of labor and delivery. Pituitary hormone is a general term that could refer to any hormone produced by the pituitary gland, so it is not specific enough to be considered a correct answer.

Quiz 12: The Endocrine System: the Bodys Other Control System

An overproduction of pituitary hormones is called ________.

Dwarfism can be caused by a ________.

Hypersecretion of GH that causes overgrowth of the hands and feet, abnormal thickening of the bones of the face, and excessive overgrowth of soft tissue, occurring in adulthood, is called ________.

Which of the following is not true of the thymus gland?

Insufficient secretion of PTH by the parathyroid gland is called ________.

The syndrome caused by hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex, which results in excessive circulating cortisol levels, fatigue, muscular weakness, and changes in body appearance is called ________.

A condition that is characterized by a decrease in pituitary function caused by tumors, surgery, radiation, or head injury is called ________.

Which of the following is not true of oxytocin?

Which of the following is true of the adrenal medulla?

Which of the following is not true of the pineal gland?

Damage to the pituitary gland, which causes hypopituitarism, can result from ________.

A condition that is characterized by the production of large amounts of very dilute urine is called?

Which of the following statements is not true of the endocrine system?

Insulin and glucagon are produced by the ________.

The master gland of the endocrine system is the ________.

Treatment of diabetes mellitus includes ________.

Hypersecretion of cortisol causes ________.

Which of the following hormones are not affected by hypopituitarism?

A deficiency in the release of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone [ADH]) by the posterior pituitary gland causes ________.

A woman is in labor but the uterine contractions stop.This could be caused by insufficient ________ (a hormone) .