Question 1

HIV infection and subsequently AIDS, is characterized by severe decrease in immune function, particularly ________.
A)Memory B-cells
B)Neutrophils
C)Helper T-cells
D)Plasma cells

Accepted Answer

Helper T-cells are the primary target of HIV infection, and their decrease in number and function is a hallmark of HIV/AIDS. This leads to a weakened immune system and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections.

Question 2

A cytokine produced by cells in response to invasion by a virus is ________.
A)Complement
B)Interferon
C)Interleukin
D)Mucus

Accepted Answer

Interferon is a cytokine produced by cells in response to viral invasion. It is secreted by infected cells and binds to neighboring uninfected cells, inducing them to produce antiviral proteins and activate immune cells. Complement is a series of proteins that help to opsonize and lyse pathogens. Interleukins are a diverse group of cytokines that mediate communication between immune cells. Mucus is a thick, slimy substance produced by various tissues and helps to protect surfaces from pathogens.

Question 3

The spleen is a lymph organ that filters blood and also acts as a reservoir for ________.
A)Water
B)Fat
C)Interstitial fluid
D)Blood

Accepted Answer

The spleen acts as a reservoir for blood, specifically red blood cells. It can release stored red blood cells into circulation in case of increased demand, such as during exercise or in cases of blood loss. Therefore, the correct answer is D) Blood.

Question 4

The ________ in the chest is part of the lymphatic system and helps T lymphocytes mature.
A)Pharyngeal tonsils
B)Spleen
C)Palatine tonsils
D)Thymus

Accepted Answer

The thymus is responsible for the maturation and selection of T lymphocytes and is a primary lymphoid organ of the immune system. It is located in the chest, behind the sternum, and is most active during childhood and adolescence. The pharyngeal and palatine tonsils are part of the secondary lymphatic system, while the spleen is responsible for filtering blood and removing damaged or old blood cells.

Question 5

If you have had the chicken pox once, you will not get chicken pox again.This is an example of ________.
A)Natural passive immunity
B)Natural active immunity
C)Artificial active immunity
D)Artificial passive immunity

Accepted Answer

This is an example of natural active immunity, where a person's immune system develops immunity after being exposed to the virus. Once the body has fought off the virus, it will have memory cells that can recognize and respond to the virus if encountered again in the future.

Question 6

Getting a flu shot to protect against the flu is an example of ________.
A)Natural passive immunity
B)Natural active immunity
C)Artificial active immunity
D)Artificial passive immunity

Accepted Answer

Getting a flu shot involves receiving a dead or weakened version of the flu virus, which triggers the body's immune system to produce antibodies to fight the virus. This is an example of artificial active immunity, as the body is actively producing its own antibodies in response to the vaccine. Natural passive immunity refers to the temporary immunity passed from mother to baby through breast milk, while natural active immunity results from the body's own immune response to an infection. Artificial passive immunity involves receiving pre-made antibodies, such as through a blood transfusion.

Question 7

In this stage of cancer, spread to distant tissues and organs is present ________.
A)Stage I
B)Stage II
C)Stage III
D)Stage IV

Accepted Answer

Stage IV is the final stage of cancer, in which cancer has spread to distant parts of the body, such as the lungs or liver. Stages I, II, and III refer to cancer that has not spread beyond its site of origin.

Question 8

What kind of cells produce antibodies?
A)T cells
B)B cells
C)NK cells
D)Neutrophils

Accepted Answer

B cells are responsible for producing antibodies. T cells recognize and attack infected cells directly, NK cells are responsible for killing infected or cancerous cells, and neutrophils are a type of white blood cell involved in the innate immune response.

Question 9

This stage of cancer is often terminal ________.
A)Stage I
B)Stage II
C)Stage III
D)Stage IV

Accepted Answer

Stage IV cancer is often referred to as terminal cancer because it means the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, making it difficult to treat and often leading to a poor prognosis. This does not mean that treatment is not an option and palliative care can still be provided to improve the quality of life for the patient.

Question 10

If the body is exposed to the same pathogen in the future, memory cells allow the body to mount a much faster response to the invasion known as the ________ response.
A)Primary
B)Secondary
C)Tertiary
D)Quaternary

Accepted Answer

The secondary response is the faster and stronger response that occurs when the body is exposed to a pathogen for the second time. This is due to the presence of memory cells, which quickly recognize and respond to the pathogen. The primary response is the initial response to a pathogen, while the tertiary and quaternary responses are not commonly used terms in immunology.

Question 11

Which of these is an autoimmune disease?
A)c and d only
B)Influenza
C)Rheumatoid arthritis
D)Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Accepted Answer

Influenza is not an autoimmune disease, while Rheumatoid arthritis and Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are both examples of autoimmune diseases.

Question 12

If you are exposed to hepatitis A and have not been vaccinated against it, you may receive antibodies from another person.This is an example of ________.
A)Natural passive immunity
B)Natural active immunity
C)Artificial active immunity
D)Artificial passive immunity

Accepted Answer

Receiving antibodies from another person for immediate protection against hepatitis A, without having been vaccinated, is an example of artificial passive immunity. This is because the immunity is acquired through the introduction of antibodies produced by another person or animal, rather than by the recipient's own immune system.

Question 13

The activated lymphocytes must make thousands of copies of themselves in order to fight off the thousands of pathogens reproducing in the body.This reproduction of lymphocytes is called ________.
A)Lymphocyte proliferation
B)Lymphocyte activation
C)Differentiation
D)Immunization

Accepted Answer

Lymphocyte proliferation refers to the process in which activated lymphocytes make thousands of copies of themselves to fight off pathogens. This process allows for a greater number of lymphocytes to be available to combat the infection. Lymphocyte activation, differentiation, and immunization are all important components of the immune response but do not specifically refer to the reproduction of lymphocytes.

Question 14

The fetus receives antibodies from the mother which last several weeks after birth.This is an example of ________.
A)Natural passive immunity
B)Natural active immunity
C)Artificial active immunity
D)Artificial passive immunity

Accepted Answer

Natural passive immunity is the transfer of antibodies from a mother to her fetus or newborn. The immunity is provided passively, without the fetus or newborn actively producing antibodies.

Question 15

The signs and symptoms of inflammation include all of the following except ________.
A)Cold
B)Pain
C)Swelling
D)Redness

Accepted Answer

Cold is not a typical sign of inflammation. The classic signs of inflammation include redness, swelling, pain, and heat.

Question 16

In this stage of cancer, no spread from the origin is present ________.
A)Stage I
B)Stage II
C)Stage III
D)Stage IV

Accepted Answer

Stage I cancer refers to cancer that is localized, meaning it has not spread from the site of origin. This is considered an early stage of cancer and may be easier to treat or even cure.

Question 17

The ________ gland is larger in children because they are exposed to many new infections.
A)Thymus
B)Thyroid
C)Thalamus
D)Tinnitus

Accepted Answer

The thymus gland is part of the immune system and is responsible for producing a type of white blood cell called T cells. Children are exposed to many new infections, so their thymus gland is larger and more active in order to produce enough T cells to fight off these infections. The thyroid gland, on the other hand, regulates metabolism and growth, the thalamus is part of the brain, and tinnitus is a medical condition involving ringing in the ears.

Question 18

The group of diseases that occur when antibodies develop and begin to destroy the body's own cells is ________.
A)Immunodeficiency diseases
B)Autoimmune diseases
C)Immunocompetent diseases
D)Diseases of the reticuloendothelial system

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells, leading to a range of conditions such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. Immunodeficiency diseases involve a weakened immune system, while immunocompetent diseases refer to diseases in which the immune system functions normally. Diseases of the reticuloendothelial system primarily affect the cells and tissues that make up the system itself.

Question 19

In this stage of cancer, spread to nearby lymph nodes is present ________.
A)Stage I
B)Stage II
C)Stage III
D)Stage IV

Accepted Answer

Stage III is characterized by the spread of cancer to nearby lymph nodes. In Stage I, the cancer is localized, while in Stage II, it has started to spread to nearby tissues but not to the lymph nodes yet. Stage IV is characterized by distant metastasis.

Question 20

In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system attacks the ________.
A)Pleural membrane
B)Mucous membrane
C)Synovial membrane
D)Myelin membrane

Accepted Answer

In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system attacks the synovial membrane that lines the joints leading to inflammation, pain, and damage to the joint tissues.

Quiz 15: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems: Your Defense Systems

HIV infection and subsequently AIDS, is characterized by severe decrease in immune function, particularly ________.

A cytokine produced by cells in response to invasion by a virus is ________.

The spleen is a lymph organ that filters blood and also acts as a reservoir for ________.

The ________ in the chest is part of the lymphatic system and helps T lymphocytes mature.

If you have had the chicken pox once, you will not get chicken pox again.This is an example of ________.

Getting a flu shot to protect against the flu is an example of ________.

In this stage of cancer, spread to distant tissues and organs is present ________.

What kind of cells produce antibodies?

This stage of cancer is often terminal ________.

If the body is exposed to the same pathogen in the future, memory cells allow the body to mount a much faster response to the invasion known as the ________ response.

Which of these is an autoimmune disease?

If you are exposed to hepatitis A and have not been vaccinated against it, you may receive antibodies from another person.This is an example of ________.

The activated lymphocytes must make thousands of copies of themselves in order to fight off the thousands of pathogens reproducing in the body.This reproduction of lymphocytes is called ________.

The fetus receives antibodies from the mother which last several weeks after birth.This is an example of ________.

The signs and symptoms of inflammation include all of the following except ________.

In this stage of cancer, no spread from the origin is present ________.

The ________ gland is larger in children because they are exposed to many new infections.

The group of diseases that occur when antibodies develop and begin to destroy the body's own cells is ________.

In this stage of cancer, spread to nearby lymph nodes is present ________.

In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system attacks the ________.