Question 1

If the QRS in I is negative and the QRS in AVF is positive,the axis is
A)Normal.
B)Right axis deviation.
C)Left axis deviation.
D)Indeterminate axis.

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

Bundle branch block is characterized by
A)A QRS complex at least 0.12 seconds wide.
B)More P waves than QRS complexes.
C)Cardiac arrest.
D)Sudden onset of symptoms of decreased cardiac output.

Accepted Answer

Bundle branch block is characterized by a widened QRS complex, typically greater than 0.12 seconds. The other options (B, C, and D) are not accurate descriptions of bundle branch block.

Question 3

Left ventricular hypertrophy is most commonly caused by
A)Atrial fibrillation.
B)Heart attack.
C)Hypertension.
D)Chronic lung disease.

Accepted Answer

Left ventricular hypertrophy is most commonly caused by hypertension, as the pressure overload on the left ventricle leads to its enlargement. Atrial fibrillation and chronic lung disease may contribute to the development of left ventricular hypertrophy, but they are not the primary cause. A heart attack may cause left ventricular remodeling, but this is typically different from left ventricular hypertrophy.

Question 4

Indeterminate axis is between
A)0 and+90 degrees.
B)0 and -90 degrees.
C)+90 and $\pm$180 degrees.
D)-90 and $\pm$180 degrees.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Indeterminate axis is between
A)0 and+90 degrees.
B)0 and...

Question 5

Left axis deviation is between
A)0 and +90 degrees.
B)0 and -90 degrees.
C)+90 and $\pm$180 degrees.
D)-90 and $\pm$180 degrees.

Accepted Answer

Left axis deviation is defined as a QRS axis deviation less than -30 degrees in the frontal plane. The normal QRS axis is between -30 to +90 degrees. Therefore, left axis deviation would be between 0 to -90 degrees. Option B covers this range, making it the correct choice.

Question 6

Right bundle branch block (RBBB)is characterized by
A)RSR' configuration in V1.
B)Tall,pointy P waves.
C)Symptoms of decreased cardiac output.
D)More P waves than QRS complexes.

Accepted Answer

RBBB is characterized by an RS complex with an RSRʹ pattern in leads V1 and V2, resulting in a wide QRS complex. The RS complex in lead V1 has a characteristic pattern of RSRF1F1F1S1F1F1F10. Tall, pointy P waves (choice B) can be indicative of right atrial enlargement but are not specific to RBBB. While RBBB can affect cardiac output, there are no specific symptoms associated with it (choice C). Finally, more P waves than QRS complexes (choice D) would be indicative of an AV block rather than RBBB.

Question 7

Normal axis is between
A)0 and +90 degrees.
B)0 and-90 degrees.
C)+90 and $\pm$180 degrees.
D)-90 and$\pm$180 degrees.

Accepted Answer

A normal axis is defined as the axis perpendicular to the plane of an electrode. Since a perpendicular line forms a right angle with the plane, the normal axis will lie between 0 and +90 degrees.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a step in 12-lead EKG interpretation?
A)Assess the basics-rhythm,rate,and intervals
B)Determine the axis quadrant
C)Check for ventricular hypertrophy
D)Check the patient for symptoms

Accepted Answer

Checking the patient for symptoms is not a step in 12-lead EKG interpretation. However, it is important to consider the clinical context and symptoms reported by the patient when interpreting the EKG findings.

Question 9

Left bundle branch block (LBBB)
A)Is almost always indicative of heart disease.
B)Is more serious than RBBB.
C)Is characterized by a QS or RS pattern in V1.
D)All of the above.

Accepted Answer

LBBB is almost always indicative of heart disease, is more serious than RBBB, and is characterized by a QS or RS pattern in V1.

Question 10

Low voltage EKGs can be caused by ALL BUT which of the following?
A)Obesity
B)Thyroid gland malfunction
C)Emphysema
D)Hypertension

Accepted Answer

Low voltage EKGs can be caused by obesity, thyroid gland malfunction, and emphysema, but hypertension is not typically associated with low voltage EKGs.

Question 11

Right ventricular hypertrophy is most commonly caused by
A)Atrial fibrillation.
B)Heart attack.
C)Hypertension.
D)Chronic lung disease.

Accepted Answer

Chronic lung disease, such as COPD, puts extra strain on the right side of the heart, leading to right ventricular hypertrophy. While the other options can also cause right ventricular hypertrophy, they are less common causes.

Question 12

If the QRS in I and AVF are both negative,the axis is
A)Normal.
B)Right axis deviation.
C)Left axis deviation.
D)Indeterminate axis.

Accepted Answer

When the QRS complex is negative in both lead I and lead aVF, it indicates an indeterminate or extreme axis deviation, also known as a "northwest" axis.

Question 13

If the QRS in lead I is positive and the QRS in AVF is negative,the axis is
A)Normal.
B)Right axis deviation.
C)Left axis deviation.
D)Indeterminate axis.

Accepted Answer

A positive QRS in lead I and a negative QRS in AVF indicate left axis deviation. This means that the electrical axis of the heart is directed towards the left side of the body.

Question 14

A disorder in which there is a deficit of calcium in the bloodstream is called
A)Hyperkalemia.
B)Hypokalemia.
C)Hypercalcemia.
D)Hypocalcemia.

Accepted Answer

Hypocalcemia is a disorder where there is low levels of calcium in the bloodstream. This can lead to various health problems such as muscle cramps, seizures, and abnormal heart rhythms.

Question 15

Right axis deviation is between
A)0 and +90 degrees.
B)0 and -90 degrees.
C)+90 and $\pm$180 degrees.
D)-90 and $\pm$180 degrees.

Accepted Answer

Right axis deviation is typically defined as an electrical axis of the heart that is between +90 and +180 degrees.

Question 16

Ventricular hypertrophy is
A)Excessive growth of ventricular myocardial tissue.
B)Excessive growth of atrial tissue.
C)Characterized by low-voltage QRS complexes.
D)Characterized by tall,pointy P waves.

Accepted Answer

Ventricular hypertrophy is characterized by excessive growth of ventricular myocardial tissue, leading to thicker walls and smaller chamber volumes. It can be caused by various factors such as hypertension, heart valve disease, or genetics. Excessive growth of atrial tissue is called atrial hypertrophy, which is a separate condition. Low-voltage QRS complexes and tall, pointy P waves are not specific to ventricular hypertrophy.

Question 17

A disorder in which there is too much potassium in the bloodstream is called
A)Hyperkalemia.
B)Hypokalemia.
C)Hypercalcemia.
D)Hypocalcemia.

Accepted Answer

Hyperkalemia is a medical condition where there is too much potassium in the bloodstream. It can occur due to various reasons, such as kidney failure, certain medications, or certain diseases like Addison's disease. Symptoms of hyperkalemia include weakness, tingling sensations, irregular heartbeat, and paralysis. Treatment involves managing the underlying cause and may include medications or dialysis.

Question 18

If the QRS in leads I and AVF are both positive,the axis is
A)Normal.
B)Right axis deviation.
C)Left axis deviation.
D)Indeterminate axis.

Accepted Answer

When the QRS in leads I and AVF are both positive, it indicates that the electrical axis of the heart is directed towards the bottom left quadrant of the body. This is a normal finding and is consistent with a normal axis. Therefore, the correct answer is A) Normal axis.

Question 19

Digitalis effect is characterized by
A)Shortened PR intervals.
B)Widened QRS.
C)Sagging ST segments.
D)Prolonged ST segments.

Accepted Answer

Digitalis effect is characterized by sagging or scooped ST segments, often referred to as the "digitalis effect" on an ECG.

Question 20

Hypercalcemia is a disorder in which there is too much _____ in the bloodstream.
A)Cholesterol
B)Calcium
C)Calcitonin
D)Potassium

Accepted Answer

Hypercalcemia is a disorder where there is an excess of calcium in the bloodstream.

Quiz 12: How to Interpret a 12-Lead Ekg

If the QRS in I is negative and the QRS in AVF is positive,the axis is

Bundle branch block is characterized by

Left ventricular hypertrophy is most commonly caused by

Indeterminate axis is between

Left axis deviation is between

Right bundle branch block (RBBB) is characterized by

Normal axis is between

Which of the following is not a step in 12-lead EKG interpretation?

Left bundle branch block (LBBB)

Low voltage EKGs can be caused by ALL BUT which of the following?

Right ventricular hypertrophy is most commonly caused by

If the QRS in I and AVF are both negative,the axis is

If the QRS in lead I is positive and the QRS in AVF is negative,the axis is

A disorder in which there is a deficit of calcium in the bloodstream is called

Right axis deviation is between

Ventricular hypertrophy is

A disorder in which there is too much potassium in the bloodstream is called

If the QRS in leads I and AVF are both positive,the axis is

Digitalis effect is characterized by

Hypercalcemia is a disorder in which there is too much _____ in the bloodstream.