Question 1

Children's naïve theories of biology are composed of six elements: movement,growth,internal parts,inheritance,illness,and healing.

Accepted Answer

By the preschool years,children's naïve theories of biology have come to include many of the specific properties associated with living things (movement,growth,internal parts,inheritance,illness,and healing).

Question 2

Infants' early understandings of objects and their principles are known as a naïve theory of physics.

Accepted Answer

The demonstrations of Baillargeon attest to the fact that infants are naïve physicists.

Question 3

Infants are incapable of realizing that objects move along connected,continuous paths and that objects cannot move through other objects.

Accepted Answer

Infants are capable of realizing that objects move along connected,continuous paths,etc.

Question 4

A 4-year-old is not capable of realizing that a baby pig that is adopted by a cow would grow up to look and behave like a pig.

Accepted Answer

Four-year-olds are capable of realizing that a baby pig that is adopted by a cow would grow up to look and behave like a pig,because they possess a naïve theory of biology.Four-year-olds understand inheritance.

Question 5

Piaget claimed that understanding of objects develops slowly,however,modern researchers have shown that babies understand objects much earlier than Piaget claimed.

Accepted Answer

Due to the development of clever procedures,modern researchers have been able to show that babies understand objects much earlier than Piaget claimed.

Question 6

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)grasp false beliefs tasks as quickly as children without ASD.

Accepted Answer

Children with ASD grasp false belief very slowly leading some researchers to believe that the absence of a theory of mind is the defining feature of ASD.

Question 7

A fundamental part of young children's theory of living things is the belief that living things and parts of living things exist for a purpose.

Accepted Answer

Young children have a commitment to teleological explanations - children believe that living things and parts of living things exist for a purpose.

Question 8

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)find hidden objects faster than typically developing children do,but this emphasis on perceptual details usually comes at the expense of maintaining a coherent overall picture.

Accepted Answer

Children with ASD have difficulty shifting smoothly between actions and have a focused processing style.

Question 9

Unlike adults,4-year-old children do not understand that animals grow (get physically bigger and more complex),but that inanimate objects do not change in this way.

Accepted Answer

Four-year-olds are capable of understanding that animals grow,but that inanimate objects do not change in this way.

Question 10

Describe three important characteristics of preoperational thinking.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe three important characteristics of preoperational thinking....

Question 11

Baillargeon found that infants as young as 2 months showed object permanence in that they consistently looked longer at an unrealistic event than a realistic one.

Accepted Answer

Infants as young as 4 ½ months,not 2 months,showed object permanence.

Question 12

Name and describe the four stages of Piaget's theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name and describe the four stages of...

Question 13

Essentialism is children's belief that all living things have an essence that can't be seen but gives a living thing its identity.

Accepted Answer

Young children's theories of living things are rooted in essentialism - the belief that all living things have an essence.For example,all birds share an underlying "bird-ness" that distinguishes them from dogs,which share an underlying "dog-ness."

Question 14

After the preschool years,children's naïve psychology moves beyond theory of mind and embraces an ever-expanding range of psychological phenomena,including understanding the links among emotions,thought,and behavior.

Accepted Answer

Very young children have extensive knowledge of the physical and social world.As children develop,their knowledge becomes more abstract and psychological.

Question 15

Adults' theories of living things begin in infancy when babies first distinguish animate objects from inanimate objects.

Accepted Answer

Knowledge of living things begin in infancy when they distinguish between people,insects,and animals from rocks,plants,and furniture.

Question 16

Most children in Western cultures have well-defined ideas about what "essences" are.

Accepted Answer

Most children in Western cultures do not have well-defined ideas about what essences are.They believe that essences are inside an animal because they think that removing an animal's inside parts changes the animal's identity.

Question 17

Research has shown that infants as young as 1 year do not have an understanding of intentionality,but by age 2,children understand that people's behavior is often intentional.

Accepted Answer

Even infants as young as 1 year have a rudimentary understanding of intentionality.

Question 18

Infants form categories from the important clues provided by perceptual features and the organization of these features.

Accepted Answer

Infants have the ability to recognize different instances of the same kind of thing - being able to categorize - based on properties of the objects.

Question 19

Describe the development of object permanence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the development of object permanence....

Question 20

Preschoolers' naïve theories of biology are complex but incomplete.For instance they believe that body parts have intentions,and that plants are not living things.

Accepted Answer

It is not until 7 or 8 years that children routinely decide that plants are alive.Preschooler's reluctance to call plants living things may stem from their belief in goal-directed motion as a key property of living things.

Quiz 6: Theories of Cognitive Development