Question 1

During several physical therapy sessions,a patient you have been treating for low back pain learned how to perform pelvic tilt exercises in several positions (supine,sitting,quadruped,standing).With continued practice at home,your patient is now able to perform extremity movements while maintaining a stable pelvic position.This represents which stage of motor learning?

Accepted Answer

The patient's ability to perform extremity movements while maintaining a stable pelvic position indicates that they have reached the Autonomous stage of motor learning. At this stage, the skill has become automatic and requires little conscious effort. The Cognitive stage involves initial learning and understanding of the skill, the Associative stage involves refinement and practice, and the Continuous stage involves ongoing improvement and mastery.

Question 2

Ms.L is a 78-year-old who underwent surgery for internal fixation of an intertrochanteric fracture of the (L)hip 3 days ago.For the next few weeks she must remain non-weight bearing on the operated side and has begun to use a walker for ambulation.She is able to walk for short distances around her hospital bed but is not yet able to rise from a chair to standing.The inability to stand from a sitting position is classified as a(n):

Accepted Answer

Inability to stand from a sitting position is a limitation in the activity of rising from a chair to standing, therefore it is classified as an activity limitation.

Question 3

For which of the following tasks will teaching components (parts)of the motor task be most effective?

Accepted Answer

Performing a standing-pivot transfer from bed to wheelchair requires specific steps and movements that can be broken down and taught with focused instruction and practice of each component. Teaching components of the motor task would not be as effective for tasks such as swinging a golf club, riding a stationary bicycle, or grasping an object, which involve more continuous and fluid movements that may not lend themselves as easily to a component-based learning approach.

Question 4

Each of the following is a step in the process of evidence-based practice except:

Accepted Answer

Spending many hours gathering any and all information that might be used to answer the question is not a step in the process of evidence-based practice. Rather, the focus is on gathering relevant evidence that can directly inform decisions about patient care. Gathering irrelevant information can actually hinder the process of evidence-based practice.

Question 5

Which of the following terms is synonymous with aerobic fitness and is associated with aspects of physical function that can be modified by therapeutic exercise?

Accepted Answer

Cardiopulmonary endurance is synonymous with aerobic fitness and refers to the ability of the heart, lungs, and vascular system to deliver oxygen to working muscles during exercise. This aspect of physical function can be improved through regular exercise and is often targeted in therapeutic exercise programs. Options A, C, and D are not synonymous with aerobic fitness and do not accurately describe the aspect of physical function targeted by therapeutic exercise.

Question 6

Ms.C is an 18-year-old who is 3 days post-ACL reconstruction.She must wear a knee immobilizer during ambulation with axillary crutches and must remain partial weight bearing on the involved side.She has limited passive and active motion of the operated knee.According to the ICF model of functioning and disability,her limited knee ROM is classified as a:

Accepted Answer

Limited range of motion (ROM) is considered a primary impairment of body function according to the ICF model, as it directly affects the physiological function of the knee joint.

Question 7

Consistent with the taxonomy of motor tasks,which of the following activities is the best example of body stability in an open environment with inter-trial variability without manipulation?

Accepted Answer

In option A, maintaining sitting balance on a moving bus involves body stability in an open environment with inter-trial variability, as the bus's movement and external conditions can change. There is no manipulation involved.

Question 8

Due to supraspinatus impingement syndrome,Mrs.J is unable to fully lift her arm overhead without pain.You plan to design an exercise program consisting of both discrete and serial tasks.You do not want to include continuous tasks at this time.Which of the following should not be included?

Accepted Answer

Warming up on the UE ergometer (UE cycling) is a continuous task and therefore should not be included in the exercise program. Discrete and serial tasks, such as the ROM exercises using a cloth to wipe down the wall, active reaching exercises to place small objects in a cabinet, and active-assisted stretching by lifting a cane overhead in supine, are more appropriate for Mrs. J's condition.

Question 9

Awareness of safety measures during exercise protects the patient and the therapist.All of the following measures should be routinely taken to prevent injury to the patient and/or therapist except:

Accepted Answer

Not all medications that might impair balance or tolerance for physical activity necessarily contraindicate initiating an exercise program. Instead, exercises can be modified to accommodate the patient's condition.

Question 10

Which of the following is a true statement about the components of the patient management model described in the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice?

Accepted Answer

According to the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice, therapeutic exercise is classified as a procedural intervention, which is one of the components of the patient management model.

Answer: B
 Goals and outcomes are not synonymous terms. Goals refer to what the patient wants to achieve, while outcomes refer to the results of the intervention.

Answer: C
 The primary focus of the diagnostic process performed by physical therapists is identifying movement impairments and functional limitations, not necessarily identifying pathology.

Answer: D
 Discharging a patient from an exercise program should be based on clinical judgment and the patient's progress, not just on whether they have attained the goals stated in the initial or original plan of care.

Question 11

You are helping a patient learn a motor skill.You set up several variations of the same task (walking on several types of surfaces).You have the patient perform one variation of the task;you have him identify his own errors after the first repetition (or point out errors to him after the first repetition).Next,allow him to repeat the same variation of the task one or two more times before moving on to another variation of the task.What term best describes this type of practice?

Accepted Answer

This practice is called random-blocked as the variations of the same task are arranged in a random order and the patient performs each variation multiple times before moving on to the next variation. The task is also blocked as the patient is focusing on one variation of the task at a time.

Question 12

Your patient is performing pelvic tilt exercises for the first time and needs verbal and tactile cues (feedback)to perform this exercise correctly.This represents which stage of motor learning?

Accepted Answer

In the cognitive stage of motor learning, the individual is first learning the skill and requires a lot of feedback and guidance to perform the movement correctly. Verbal and tactile cues would provide this necessary feedback in order for the patient to learn how to properly perform the pelvic tilt exercise.

Question 13

According to the patient management model described in the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice,each of the following is a component of an examination performed by a physical therapist except:

Accepted Answer

Interpreting information to form a diagnosis and prognosis is part of the evaluation process, not the examination. The examination includes taking history, performing a systems review, and selecting and performing tests and measures.

Question 14

Which of the following components of the ICF model of functioning and disability is defined by the individual's lifestyle,education,and social and environmental backgrounds?

Accepted Answer

Contextual Factors are defined by the individual's lifestyle, education, and social and environmental backgrounds. This component of the ICF model recognizes that external factors can either facilitate or hinder an individual's functioning and participation. It includes environmental factors (physical, social, and attitudinal) and personal factors (age, sex, race, education, profession, lifestyle, habits, coping styles, social background).

Question 15

Helping a patient acquire the ability to shift his weight from side to side in a standing position by means of manual guidance by the therapist is called:

Accepted Answer

Concurrent feedback is given during the performance of the task, and it can be in the form of manual guidance provided by the therapist. In this case, the therapist is helping the patient acquire the ability to shift his weight from side to side in a standing position by giving feedback during the performance of the task. The other options, summary feedback, delayed feedback, and instantaneous postresponse feedback, do not involve manual guidance during the task performance.

Question 16

Which of the following terms,associated with aspects of physical function,which can be modified by therapeutic exercise,is used to describe the ability of the neuromuscular system to statically or dynamically hold proximal or distal body segments in appropriate positions using synergistic muscle action?

Accepted Answer

Stability is the term used to describe the ability of the neuromuscular system to hold proximal or distal body segments in appropriate positions using synergistic muscle action. Muscle strength (A) is the ability to produce force against resistance, muscle power (B) is the ability to produce force quickly, and coordination (C) is the ability to execute smooth and accurate movements. While these terms can also be modified by exercise, they do not specifically refer to the ability to hold appropriate positions.

Question 17

According to the definition of therapeutic exercise and the goal of designing an individualized program of therapeutic exercise,the physical therapist might develop a therapeutic exercise program in order to:

Accepted Answer

Therapeutic exercise programs are designed to optimize overall health, fitness, and well-being, addressing impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions, and reducing health-related risk factors.

Question 18

Part of a preseason testing program for high school athletes includes testing the stability of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints.If you identify an athlete with signs of shoulder instability,you will suggest an exercise program designed to prevent or reduce the risk of injury during the season.This is an example of what type of prevention?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of secondary prevention, which aims to detect and manage early stages of injury or illness before they become more serious or debilitating. By identifying athletes with signs of shoulder instability and implementing an exercise program, the risk of injury during the season can be reduced. Primary prevention would focus on preventing injuries from occurring in the first place, while tertiary prevention would involve managing and rehabilitating injuries that have already occurred. Indirect prevention is not a recognized type of prevention.

Question 19

In the ICF model of functioning and disability endorsed by the APTA,a rotator cuff tear is considered a(n):

Accepted Answer

A rotator cuff tear is classified as a health condition in the ICF model, which refers to diseases, disorders, or injuries.

Question 20

In which of the following stages of motor learning does augmented/extrinsic feedback have the most positive impact on acquisition of a motor skill?

Accepted Answer

In the cognitive stage of motor learning, individuals are trying to understand the basics of the new skill, making augmented or extrinsic feedback extremely valuable for correcting errors and reinforcing correct movements.

Quiz 1: Therapeutic Exercise: Foundational Concepts

For which of the following tasks will teaching components (parts) of the motor task be most effective?