Question 1

During the 1950s,in his book,The Power Elite,C.Wright Mills described the modern nation as having policy set by a small circle of people in top positions within major social institutions.Which members of the power elite are the weaker partners in this circle?
A)media stars
B)military leaders
C)corporate or business leaders
D)church leaders
E)political leaders

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the 1950s,in his book,The Power Elite,C.Wright...

Question 2

A key function of the United Nations is to __________.
A)set prices on the international markets
B)distribute aid to the poor
C)settle disputes between or among nations
D)set military budgets
E)keep track of the number and location of nuclear weapons

Accepted Answer

One of the primary functions of the United Nations is to settle disputes between nations through peaceful means, such as negotiation, mediation, and arbitration. The UN has established several mechanisms to achieve this goal, including the International Court of Justice, which hears legal disputes between states, and the Security Council, which can use a range of measures, including sanctions and military force, to maintain international peace and security.

Question 3

Why is the village of My Lai significant in the history of American involvement in war?
A)The peace treaty between Japan and the United States was signed there in 1945.
B)American troops massacred Vietnamese civilians there.
C)French troops were defeated there in Indochina,opening the door to their withdrawal and U.S.entry into southeast Asia.
D)The Japanese overran MacArthur there during World War II.
E)It is the island from which the bomber Enola Gay took off on its flight to drop the bomb on Hiroshima.

Accepted Answer

The village of My Lai is significant in the history of American involvement in war because it is where American troops massacred between 347 and 504 unarmed Vietnamese civilians, mostly women, children, and elderly people, in March 1968 during the Vietnam War. The My Lai Massacre, as it became known, was one of the most shameful and controversial episodes of the war and exposed the atrocities committed by American soldiers against civilians. The incident led to widespread public outrage, loss of confidence in the military, and strengthened the antiwar movement, both in the United States and around the world.

Question 4

Humans fight wars because defense of a territory is the result of instinctual aggression.This reflects the view of __________.
A)Carl von Clausewitz
B)Nikolai Lenin
C)Konrad Lorenz
D)Harold Lasswell
E)Karl Marx

Accepted Answer

Konrad Lorenz was a biologist and ethologist who studied animal behavior and aggression. He developed the concept of "innate releasing mechanisms" (IRMs) which suggest that instincts, such as aggression, are triggered by specific stimuli. This perspective can be applied to human behavior, suggesting that territorial defense and aggression in humans has an instinctual basis.

Question 5

Which of the following reflects a war crime?
A)appropriation or destruction of privileged buildings
B)breach of parole
C)poisoning of streams or wells
D)unjustified destruction of enemy prizes
E)All of the above

Accepted Answer

All of the given options reflect war crimes. Appropriation or destruction of privileged buildings, breach of parole, poisoning of streams or wells, and unjustified destruction of enemy prizes all violate international humanitarian law and can be prosecuted as war crimes.

Question 6

__________ is the only nation to have used nuclear bombs in war.
A)Japan
B)The Soviet Union
C)The United States
D)Germany
E)China

Accepted Answer

The United States is the only nation to have used nuclear bombs in war, specifically against Japan during World War II.

Question 7

Existing research points to one basic problem facing the United Nations and the world's nations as they consider intervention in potential disasters.The problem is that the United Nations __________.
A)is an ineffective political body
B)has too few member nations
C)lacks the confidence of member nations
D)has too many member nations
E)None of the above

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is not explicitly provided in the question, and without specific context or details, it's not possible to accurately determine which of the given options is the basic problem facing the United Nations as described. Therefore, "None of the above" is the most appropriate choice given the information provided.

Question 8

Most critics of ethological and sociobiological theories conclude that human beings' participation in war is due to __________.
A)a basic human instinct or aggression toward others
B)political bungling
C)technology,which demands violence
D)the weaknesses of international law
E)learned responses

Accepted Answer

Most critics of ethological and sociobiological theories argue that human behaviors, including participation in war, are not innate or biologically predetermined but are instead learned responses. These critics believe that human aggression and involvement in conflicts are shaped by cultural, social, and environmental factors rather than being driven by inherent instincts or biological imperatives.

Question 9

The League of Nations and the United Nations are both examples of __________.
A)organizations of common markets
B)international police agencies
C)agencies of the West designed to promote capitalism
D)international agencies founded to aid poor nations
E)international agencies founded to promote cooperation among nations

Accepted Answer

Both the League of Nations and the United Nations were founded with the goal of promoting cooperation and peaceful relations among nations. While the League of Nations ultimately failed to prevent the outbreak of World War II, the United Nations has been more successful in promoting dialogue, diplomacy, and humanitarian aid across the globe.

Question 10

The United States and other nations are often drawn into global conflicts in the role of peacekeepers.Recent research indicates that this type of third-party intervention is ____.
A)disastrous
B)largely unsuccessful
C)neither successful nor unsuccessful
D)moderately successful
E)very successful

Accepted Answer

Recent research indicates that third-party intervention in global conflicts is largely unsuccessful.

Question 11

When we study the effects of international trade,we find that trading partners are usually __________ partners.
A)equal
B)capitalist
C)religious
D)political
E)happy

Accepted Answer

Trading partners are often political partners because international trade agreements and relationships are frequently influenced by political alliances and considerations.

Question 12

Seymour Melman believes which of the following groups to be most important in decisions that commit a nation to war?
A)the general public
B)corporate leaders
C)managers at the top of the federal government
D)generals and admirals
E)labor union officials

Accepted Answer

Seymour Melman believed that decisions committing a nation to war are made by managers at the top of the federal government, such as high-level political leaders and policymakers. These individuals have the power to declare war, allocate resources for military purposes, and make strategic decisions regarding conflict. Therefore, this group is the most important in determining whether a nation goes to war.

Question 13

During the early years of World War II,Harold Lasswell predicted the rise of nation-states where military leaders' dictatorial power would enable them to divert national resources into weapons production and to win public support by means of propaganda.Lasswell referred to these bodies as __________ states.
A)warfare
B)naturalistic
C)garrison
D)military
E)elitist

Accepted Answer

Lasswell referred to these bodies as "garrison" states, a term that describes a society organized primarily for military purposes and where military leaders have significant control over policy and resources.

Question 14

Which of the following does NOT reflect a war crime?
A)needless shelling of enemy positions
B)grave breaches of Article 50 of the Geneva Convention
C)assassination and the hiring of assassins
D)violation of surrender terms
E)All of the above are war crimes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following does NOT reflect...

Question 15

__________ refers to the identification of citizens with the celebration of their nation's interests and the elevation of these interests above those of other countries.
A)Nationality
B)Nationalism
C)Culturalism
D)Communism
E)Culturology

Accepted Answer

Nationalism refers to the identification with one's nation and the promotion of its interests above others. It can also involve a sense of pride in one's country's history, culture, and people. Nationalism can be a positive force for unity and patriotism but can also lead to hostility and conflict with other nations.

Question 16

International law sets limits on the conduct of war.Limits set on acts regarded as justifiable in war are referred to as __________.
A)de facto combat
B)habeas corpus law
C)jus ad bellum
D)de jure contract
E)jus in bello

Accepted Answer

The limits set on acts regarded as justifiable in war are referred to as "jus in bello," which means "law in war." It pertains to the conduct of warfare and the treatment of prisoners of war. The other options are incorrect: A) de facto combat refers to actual fighting, not limitations on conduct; B) habeas corpus law pertains to the right to a fair trial and is not specific to war; C) jus ad bellum pertains to the justifications for going to war, not limitations on conduct; and D) de jure contract pertains to legally binding agreements, not limitations on conduct in war.

Question 17

War is an alternative to diplomacy and is engaged in to gain land,prestige,and other benefits.It will be engaged in only if political leaders judge its benefits to outweigh the costs.This reflects the view of __________.
A)Konrad Lorenz
B)Carl von Clausewitz
C)Edward O.Wilson
D)Nikolai Lenin
E)Karl Marx

Accepted Answer

This statement reflects the view of Carl von Clausewitz, a Prussian general and military theorist known for his book "On War," in which he argued that war is a continuation of politics by other means and that military strategy must be guided by political objectives. Von Clausewitz asserts that war is a rational decision made by political leaders who weigh the potential benefits against the costs, and that victory is achieved not only through military force but also by breaking the enemy's will to fight.

Question 18

War is caused by the aggressive nature of humans.Aggressive behavior may have improved the odds of survival and become encoded in the genes of individual human beings.This is a view held by __________.
A)sociologists
B)psychologists and psychiatrists
C)anthropologists
D)ethologists and sociobiologists
E)ecologists and biologists

Accepted Answer

Ethologists and sociobiologists study the behavior of animals, including humans, and believe that aggressive behavior may have evolutionary roots and genetic factors.

Question 19

The ruling classes of capitalist nations led their countries into a fierce competition for colonies in order that their national economies expand and prosper.This led to World War I.This reflects the view of __________.
A)Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
B)Konrad Lorenz
C)George Kennan
D)Edward O.Wilson
E)Carl von Clausewitz

Accepted Answer

This reflects the view of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, who argued that imperialism and the competition for colonies were a result of the economic interests of the ruling classes in capitalist nations. He believed that this led to tensions and eventually to the outbreak of World War I.

Question 20

International trade can be seen as an important way to __________.
A)promote peace
B)end poverty
C)equalize resources
D)end war
E)win war

Accepted Answer

International trade can promote peace among countries by creating interdependence and reducing the likelihood of conflict. When countries rely on each other for goods and services, they are less likely to engage in conflict as they understand the importance of maintaining peaceful relationships in order to preserve their economic connections.

Quiz 15: War and Global Insecurity

During the 1950s,in his book,The Power Elite,C.Wright Mills described the modern nation as having policy set by a small circle of people in top positions within major social institutions.Which members of the power elite are the weaker partners in this circle?

A key function of the United Nations is to __________.

Why is the village of My Lai significant in the history of American involvement in war?

Humans fight wars because defense of a territory is the result of instinctual aggression.This reflects the view of __________.

Which of the following reflects a war crime?

__________ is the only nation to have used nuclear bombs in war.

Existing research points to one basic problem facing the United Nations and the world's nations as they consider intervention in potential disasters.The problem is that the United Nations __________.

Most critics of ethological and sociobiological theories conclude that human beings' participation in war is due to __________.

The League of Nations and the United Nations are both examples of __________.

The United States and other nations are often drawn into global conflicts in the role of peacekeepers.Recent research indicates that this type of third-party intervention is ____.

When we study the effects of international trade,we find that trading partners are usually __________ partners.

Seymour Melman believes which of the following groups to be most important in decisions that commit a nation to war?

Which of the following does NOT reflect a war crime?

__________ refers to the identification of citizens with the celebration of their nation's interests and the elevation of these interests above those of other countries.

International law sets limits on the conduct of war.Limits set on acts regarded as justifiable in war are referred to as __________.

War is an alternative to diplomacy and is engaged in to gain land,prestige,and other benefits.It will be engaged in only if political leaders judge its benefits to outweigh the costs.This reflects the view of __________.

War is caused by the aggressive nature of humans.Aggressive behavior may have improved the odds of survival and become encoded in the genes of individual human beings.This is a view held by __________.

The ruling classes of capitalist nations led their countries into a fierce competition for colonies in order that their national economies expand and prosper.This led to World War I.This reflects the view of __________.

International trade can be seen as an important way to __________.