Question 1

__________ commit unsophisticated forms of theft without a high level of skill as criminals.These individuals do not associate with habitual lawbreakers and often do not consider t themselves to be criminals.

Accepted Answer

Occasional (property crime) offenders commit unsophisticated forms of theft without a high level of skill as criminals. They are not considered as professional or organized criminals and often do not associate with habitual lawbreakers.

Question 2

Money laundering by terrorist and organized crime groups and identity theft fall under the heading of __________.

Accepted Answer

Money laundering by terrorist and organized crime groups is often facilitated through the use of technology and digital communications, and therefore falls under the category of cybercrime. Similarly, identity theft is frequently carried out online or through other electronic means, making it a type of cybercrime as well.

Question 3

Environmental crimes,illegal credit card manipulations,insider trading in financial institutions,bribery of public officials,and computer crimes are all examples of ____________ crime.

Accepted Answer

Corporate crime refers to illegal or unethical actions by a corporation or individuals acting on behalf of a corporation. The examples given in the question all involve corporations or financial institutions engaging in criminal behavior for financial gain. Therefore, B - corporate crime is the best choice.

Question 4

__________ criminals are mostly young adult males who begin their involvement in robbery,larceny,and/or burglary as juvenile gang members.They associate mostly with other criminals,have lengthy police records,and have spent time in prison by the time they can be regarded as "semiprofessionals."

Accepted Answer

Conventional criminals fit the description given, as they often start their criminal activities at a young age, frequently in groups or gangs, and tend to have extensive criminal records including time spent in prison.

Question 5

Public order crimes are often called __________ crimes.

Accepted Answer

Public order crimes are often referred to as victimless crimes because they involve consensual activities that are prohibited by law, such as prostitution, gambling, drug use, and public drunkenness. These activities are seen as harmful to society as a whole, even if they do not involve a direct victim.

Question 6

In major cities like Chicago and Los Angeles,street gangs,made up largely of teenagers and young adults,account for __________ of all homicides.

Accepted Answer

According to the statement, street gangs in major cities like Chicago and Los Angeles account for "about half" of all homicides.

Question 7

Cesare Lombroso is known for his conceptualization of criminal atavism,which means that criminals __________.

Accepted Answer

Cesare Lombroso believed that criminals had physical traits that resembled those of primitive humans and lower primates, which he called criminal atavism. He believed that these physical traits were inherited and could be identified through scientific examination. Lombroso's theory has been largely discredited, as it relied on racial stereotypes and was not supported by empirical evidence.

Question 8

In an exhaustive study of hate crimes,the FBI concluded that 61 percent were based on race,13 percent on sexual orientation,and another _______ percent were based on ethnicity or national origin.

Accepted Answer

The question states that 61 percent of hate crimes were based on race and 13 percent were based on sexual orientation. This leaves 26 percent of hate crimes that were not based on either of those factors. The question further specifies that a percentage of that remaining 26 percent was based on ethnicity or national origin. Therefore, the only answer choice that makes sense is C) 10 percent.

Question 9

Donald Cressey's classic study of embezzlers,Other People's Money,found that,in addition to a financial problem,other conditions had to be present for the person to embezzle.These are __________.

Accepted Answer

Donald Cressey's study found that for someone to embezzle, they needed two main conditions: an opportunity to steal and a formula to rationalize the theft. While the other options may have some role to play, they are not considered as critical as the two conditions mentioned in option A.

Question 10

Safecrackers,con-artists,and counterfeiters who skillfully dedicate themselves to a life of crime and are seldom caught and punished because of the skill at avoiding arrest are __________ criminals.

Accepted Answer

Professional criminals are those who commit crimes as a way of life and have developed skills and expertise in their criminal activities. They are often skilled at avoiding arrest and prosecution and may operate alone or as part of a larger criminal organization. The other options (conventional, occasional, organized, skilled) do not capture the specific characteristics of this type of criminal.

Question 11

Prostitution,gambling,vagrancy,and disorderly conduct are all forms of __________ crime.

Accepted Answer

Prostitution, gambling, vagrancy, and disorderly conduct are considered public order crimes as they are violations of moral standards and societal norms, rather than crimes that involve harm or violence against an individual. These crimes disrupt the public peace and can have a negative impact on the community.

Question 12

For its success,organized crime depends upon __________.

Accepted Answer

For organized crime to be successful, all of the listed factors are necessary. A well-structured division of labor helps streamline criminal activities and ensure maximum efficiency. The continued demand for prohibited goods and services is what fuels the illegal economy. Finally, the ability to corrupt law enforcement officials helps to protect criminal operations and evade prosecution.

Question 13

Edwin H.Sutherland's theory of __________ asserts that occupational criminality,like other forms of systematic criminal behavior,is learned through frequent direct or indirect relationships with people who are already engaging in such behavior.

Accepted Answer

Edwin H. Sutherland's theory of differential association states that individuals learn criminal behavior through their interactions and relationships with others who engage in such behavior, including in the context of white-collar crime. This theory suggests that anyone, regardless of socio-economic status, can become involved in criminal behavior based on their exposure to and association with criminal elements.

Question 14

Which of the statements below about Ponzi schemes is TRUE? .

Accepted Answer

All of the statements above are true. In a Ponzi scheme, earlier investors are paid off with money from newer ones, the scheme is named after Charles Ponzi, and investors typically hope for unrealistic gains. The leaders of Ponzi schemes often display characteristics of good leadership, such as clear communication and vision setting.

Question 15

__________ refers to theft from one's employer,and is usually committed by otherwise law-abiding people during the course of their employment.

Accepted Answer

Embezzlement specifically refers to theft from one's employer, and is often committed by employees who may not have a criminal history. Extortion involves the use of threats or coercion for personal gain, fraud involves deceit or misrepresentation for personal gain, antitrust violations involve anti-competitive behavior, and fee-splitting involves sharing fees with non-licensed individuals.

Question 16

Among juveniles,a very common reason for arrest is __________,such as running away and vagrancy.

Accepted Answer

Status offenses are offenses that are only illegal because the person committing them is a juvenile, such as running away or truancy.

Question 17

Which of the following is the CORRECT order (from highest to third-highest)of the sources of illegal revenue of organized crime?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the CORRECT...

Question 18

Edwin Sutherland made a major contribution to understanding crime by studying people who break the law as part of their normal business activity.Sutherland called these individuals __________ criminals.

Accepted Answer

Sutherland coined the term "white-collar crime" to describe crime committed by individuals of high social status and respectability in the course of their occupations. This includes crimes such as embezzlement, fraud, and insider trading. Therefore, the best choice is C) white-collar (occupational) criminals.

Question 19

The rate of weapons-related homicide has decreased recently,largely because of a decline in __________,but also because of the waning of the crack epidemic.

Accepted Answer

The sentence mentions a decrease in weapons-related homicide and specifically highlights a decline in gang-related shootings. This suggests that the waning of gang activity may be a contributing factor to the decrease in homicides. Therefore, the best choice is E, gang-related shootings. A, gun control laws, and B, violence, are not mentioned as specific reasons for the decrease and are therefore less likely to be correct. C, sale of cocaine, and D, indiscipline in gangs, are not mentioned at all and are therefore incorrect choices.

Question 20

__________ is/are NOT an example of occupational or white-collar crime.

Accepted Answer

Extortion is a form of violent crime and not an example of occupational or white-collar crime, which typically involves nonviolent offenses committed by professionals or businesses. The other options listed (A, B, C, and E) are all examples of occupational or white-collar crime.

Quiz 5: Crime and Violence