Question 1

Which of the following is true about the biomechanical properties of a ligament (or tendon)if the width of the ligament is doubled?
A) Greater elongation before failure
B) Less elongation before failure
C) Increased strength before failure
D) Decreased strength before failure

Accepted Answer

Increasing the width of a ligament or tendon increases its cross-sectional area, which results in greater strength before failure. However, it does not necessarily affect the elongation before failure.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true concerning "joint play" of a joint?
A) Joint play is not considered a "normal" motion at the joint.
B) They must be tested by application of an external force.
C) They can be performed voluntarily by a subject.
D) They occur only in the close-packed position of the joint.

Accepted Answer

Joint play is a passive, accessory motion that is not under voluntary control; it is tested by the application of an external force to the joint to determine its integrity and function. A is incorrect because joint play is a normal motion at the joint. C is incorrect because joint play is not a voluntary motion. D is incorrect because joint play can occur in both open and close-packed positions.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true concerning articular cartilage injury?
A) A superficial laceration is capable of healing itself by filling in with fibrovascular tissue.
B) A deep cartilage lesion does not extend beyond the tidemark.
C) A deep laceration may heal by forming new fibrocartilage.
D) A superficial lesion is likely to heal faster than a deep one.

Accepted Answer

A deep laceration may heal by forming new fibrocartilage. While a superficial laceration may heal by filling in with fibrovascular tissue, a deep cartilage lesion can extend beyond the tidemark and can't heal by filling in. Instead, it may be possible to form new fibrocartilage in the area, but it won't have the same properties as the original articular cartilage. A superficial lesion is likely to heal faster than a deep one, but this statement is not true in general.

Question 4

To increase a patient's wrist extension range of motion by using an accessory motion gliding technique,the therapist would want to perform a(n)____________________.
A) posterior glide of the carpals on the radius
B) anterior glide of the carpals on the radius
C) anterior glide of the radius on the carpals

Accepted Answer

To increase wrist extension, an anterior glide of the carpals on the radius is performed. This is because accessory motions facilitate or mimic the roll and glide necessary for joint movement, and for wrist extension to occur, the carpals must move anteriorly on the radius.

Question 5

A man is sitting on a chair.He brings himself up into a standing position.His tibiofemoral joint moves from a flexed position to full extension during the maneuver.Which of the following best describes what is happening at the tibiofemoral joint during this maneuver? Think in anatomical terms.
A) Anterior glide of the proximal tibia on the distal femur
B) Posterior glide of the proximal tibia on the distal femur
C) Anterior glide of the distal femur on the proximal tibia
D) Posterior glide of the distal femur on the proximal tibia

Accepted Answer

The answer of A man is sitting on a chair.He...

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true concerning fibroblasts?
A) They synthesize the extracellular matrix of connective tissue.
B) They are not normally present in healthy connective tissue.
C) They are undifferentiated precursor cells.
D) They are circulating cells.

Accepted Answer

Fibroblasts are cells that are responsible for the synthesis and maintenance of the extracellular matrix of connective tissue. They are commonly found in healthy connective tissue and are differentiated cells, not undifferentiated precursor cells or circulating cells.

Question 7

Which of the following joints has two or more degrees of freedom of osteokinematic motion?
A) Third proximal interphalangeal (PIP)joint
B) Superior radioulnar joint
C) Radiocarpal joint
D) Humeroulnar joint

Accepted Answer

The radiocarpal joint has two degrees of freedom of osteokinematic motion - flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation. The other joints listed only have one degree of freedom of motion.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true concerning nutrition of articular cartilage?
A) Articular cartilage can easily repair itself due to its very efficient and effective nutritional system.
B) Nutrients are found in large proportions in the more superficial layers of articular cartilage.
C) Nutrients from synovial fluid can pass into articular cartilage when external pressure is applied.
D) All forms of joint loading will cause poor nutrition to articular cartilage.

Accepted Answer

Nutrients for articular cartilage are primarily supplied through diffusion from synovial fluid, since there are no blood vessels in articular cartilage. Nutrients can diffuse into articular cartilage when external pressure is applied, such as during joint loading or movement.

Question 9

As a clinician,you are attempting to produce permanent elongation in a severely contracted flexor digitorum profundus tendon.Which of the following general strategies concerning treatment will be least effective in achieving permanent lengthening of the tendon?
A) Apply force slowly to decrease the stiffness of the tendon.
B) Apply a short duration force,keeping the force in the elastic range.
C) Apply enough force to cause microfailure of some fibers in the tendon.
D) Use a splint that will apply a low load to the tendon (at the beginning of the elastic range)for 3 weeks.

Accepted Answer

Applying a short duration force in the elastic range will only produce temporary elongation and will not result in permanent lengthening of the tendon. The other options (A, C, and D) are all strategies that can contribute to permanent elongation of the tendon. Option A suggests gradually applying force to decrease the stiffness of the tendon, which can help it adapt to the new length. Option C suggests applying enough force to cause microfailure of some fibers, which can stimulate the body’s natural healing process and encourage the growth of new tissue. Option D suggests using a splint to apply a low load to the tendon for an extended period of time, which can gradually stretch the tendon and change its length over time.

Question 10

Describe the arrangement of fibers in hyaline cartilage.Why is this arrangement suited to its function?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the arrangement of fibers in hyaline...

Question 11

Which of the following would constitute a closed kinematic chain activity of the left shoulder complex?
A) Using your left arm to push yourself out of a chair
B) Throwing a Frisbee with your left hand
C) Combing your hair with your left hand
D) Waving with your left hand

Accepted Answer

Using your left arm to push yourself out of a chair would be a closed kinematic chain activity of the left shoulder complex, as the hand is fixed on the chair while the body moves. The other options involve open kinematic chain movements, where the hand is not fixed, and the limb moves freely through space.

Question 12

Increasing the rate of application of a force causes a ligament to ____________________.
A) store less energy to failure
B) require more force to rupture
C) decrease stiffness
D) elongate more

Accepted Answer

Increasing the rate of application of a force causes ligament to require more force to rupture. This is because as the force is applied rapidly, the ligament has less time to deform and absorb the energy, which puts more stress on the ligament and makes it more susceptible to rupture.

Question 13

The plastic portion of the stress-strain curve pictured above lies between:
A) Point A and point B
B) Point A and point D
C) Point B and point D

Accepted Answer

The plastic portion of the stress-strain curve begins after the yield point (point B) and extends until fracture or failure (point D), indicating permanent deformation.

Question 14

Cartilage primarily receives its nutrition from ____________________.
A) its high level of permeability
B) diffusion
C) a process of joint loading and unloading

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cartilage primarily receives its nutrition from ____________________.
A)...

Question 15

When describing the biomechanical properties of cancellous and cortical bone,which of the following statements is true?
A) Cancellous bone is stiffer than cortical bone and can withstand less strain before failure.
B) Cortical bone is stiffer than cancellous bone and can withstand less strain before failure.
C) Cancellous bone is stiffer than cortical bone and can withstand more strain before failure.
D) Cortical bone is stiffer than cancellous bone and can withstand more strain before failure.

Accepted Answer

Cortical bone is denser and stiffer than cancellous bone, making it able to withstand greater stress but less strain before failure. Cancellous bone, being less dense, can withstand more strain but is less stiff.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the structural composition of the extracellular matrix of bone?
A) Glycosaminoglycans,glycoproteins,water,and proteoglycans
B) Collagen fibers,glycosaminoglycans,water,and mineralized bone salts
C) Collagen fibers,glycosaminoglycans,glycoproteins,water,proteoglycans,and mineralized bone salts
D) Glycosaminoglycans,glycoproteins,water,proteoglycans,and unmineralized bone salts

Accepted Answer

The extracellular matrix of bone is composed of collagen fibers, glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins, water, proteoglycans, and mineralized bone salts. Collagen fibers provide the bone with tensile strength, while mineralized bone salts (such as calcium and phosphate) provide the bone with compressive strength. The glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans help to regulate the formation and composition of the extracellular matrix. Water is also important in maintaining the structure and function of the extracellular matrix.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true regarding articular cartilage injury?
A) A deep cartilage lesion does not extend beyond the tidemark.
B) A deep laceration may heal by forming new fibrocartilage.
C) A superficial lesion is likely to heal faster than a deep one.
D) A cartilage injury cannot heal.

Accepted Answer

A deep laceration that extends beyond the tidemark into the subchondral bone can stimulate a healing response, leading to the formation of fibrocartilage, which is different from the original hyaline cartilage.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true concerning the close-packed position of any joint?
A) Capsular structures are loose.
B) Ligaments around the joint are slack.
C) The joint is relatively easy to separate with distraction.
D) There is a maximum area of surface contact occurring.

Accepted Answer

In the close-packed position of a joint, the ligaments around the joint are taut and the capsular structures are tight, creating maximum area of surface contact and making it difficult to separate the joint with distraction.

Question 19

When a bone is repeatedly loaded with low-level forces over an extended period of time,fatigue fractures may occur within the bone.This is due to:
A) Increased stiffness,decreased yield strength,increased permanent deformation
B) Decreased stiffness,increased yield strength,no effect on deformation
C) Decreased stiffness,decreased yield strength,increased permanent deformation
D) Increased stiffness,increased yield strength,no effect on deformation

Accepted Answer

When a bone is repeatedly loaded with low-level forces over an extended period of time, fatigue fractures may occur within the bone due to decreased stiffness, decreased yield strength, and increased permanent deformation. This happens because the bone is unable to withstand the repeated loading and starts to deform permanently, leading to fatigue fractures. Option A is incorrect because increased stiffness is not a cause of fatigue fractures, rather it may prevent them. Option B is also incorrect because increased yield strength does not cause fatigue fractures. Option D is incorrect because increased stiffness and increased yield strength do not have any effect on deformation.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true concerning the biomechanical properties of ligaments,if the rate of application of the force is increased?
A) The ligament stores less energy to failure.
B) The ligament requires more force to rupture.
C) The ligament has decreased stiffness.
D) The stiffness of the ligament is unchanged.

Accepted Answer

When the rate of application of force is increased, ligaments become more resistant to deformation, requiring more force to rupture. This is because ligaments, like other viscoelastic tissues, exhibit rate-dependent behavior, where their mechanical properties such as stiffness and strength increase with the rate of loading.

Quiz 2: Joint Structure and Function

Which of the following is true about the biomechanical properties of a ligament (or tendon) if the width of the ligament is doubled?

Which of the following statements is true concerning "joint play" of a joint?

Which of the following statements is true concerning articular cartilage injury?

To increase a patient's wrist extension range of motion by using an accessory motion gliding technique,the therapist would want to perform a(n) ____________________.

A man is sitting on a chair.He brings himself up into a standing position.His tibiofemoral joint moves from a flexed position to full extension during the maneuver.Which of the following best describes what is happening at the tibiofemoral joint during this maneuver? Think in anatomical terms.

Which of the following statements is true concerning fibroblasts?

Which of the following joints has two or more degrees of freedom of osteokinematic motion?

Which of the following statements is true concerning nutrition of articular cartilage?

As a clinician,you are attempting to produce permanent elongation in a severely contracted flexor digitorum profundus tendon.Which of the following general strategies concerning treatment will be least effective in achieving permanent lengthening of the tendon?

Describe the arrangement of fibers in hyaline cartilage.Why is this arrangement suited to its function?

Which of the following would constitute a closed kinematic chain activity of the left shoulder complex?

Increasing the rate of application of a force causes a ligament to ____________________.

The plastic portion of the stress-strain curve pictured above lies between:

Cartilage primarily receives its nutrition from ____________________.

When describing the biomechanical properties of cancellous and cortical bone,which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following best describes the structural composition of the extracellular matrix of bone?

Which of the following statements is true regarding articular cartilage injury?

Which of the following statements is true concerning the close-packed position of any joint?

When a bone is repeatedly loaded with low-level forces over an extended period of time,fatigue fractures may occur within the bone.This is due to:

Which of the following statements is true concerning the biomechanical properties of ligaments,if the rate of application of the force is increased?