Question 1

Functional abilities are best assessed by:

Accepted Answer

Observed assessment of function is the best way to assess functional abilities, as it provides a direct and objective evaluation of the individual's abilities in performing everyday tasks. Self-report may be biased and family report may not accurately reflect the individual's abilities. A comprehensive head-to-toe examination may not focus specifically on functional abilities.

Question 2

Biochemical individuality is best described as:

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

A statement not shown to be true about pharmacodynamics changes with aging is:

Accepted Answer

Aging is generally associated with increased sensitivity to oral anticoagulants, not decreased sensitivity.

Question 4

Atypical presentation of disease in the elderly is reflected by all the following except:

Accepted Answer

Myocardial infarction with chest pain and diaphoresis is a typical presentation, not an atypical presentation, in the elderly. The other choices listed (infection without fever, depression without dysphoric mood, cardiac manifestations of thyroid disease) are examples of atypical presentations in the elderly.

Question 5

Men have faster and more efficient biotransformation of drugs and this is thought to be due to:

Accepted Answer

Testosterone is known to influence liver enzyme activity, which can lead to faster and more efficient drug metabolism in men compared to women.

Question 6

The strongest evidence regarding normal physiological aging is available through:

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal studies involve tracking the same group of individuals over time, allowing for a better understanding of normal physiological aging as it occurs within individuals. Cross-sectional studies only compare different groups of individuals at a given point in time, while randomized controlled trials and case control studies are typically used to investigate the effects of interventions or exposures on health outcomes, rather than aging specifically.

Question 7

The cytochrome p system involves enzymes that are generally:

Accepted Answer

The cytochrome P system enzymes can be inhibited or induced by drugs, which can affect their metabolism and clearance. This can lead to altered drug efficacy or toxicity.

Question 8

Pharmacokinetic changes with aging is reflective of:

Accepted Answer

Pharmacokinetic changes with aging refer to what the body does to the drug. As the body ages, there are changes in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drugs, resulting in altered drug concentrations and effects.

Question 9

Polypharmacy is best described as taking:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Polypharmacy is best described as taking:
...

Question 10

The major impact of the physiological changes that occur with aging is:

Accepted Answer

Aging affects multiple physiological systems which collectively lead to reduced physiological reserve, impaired homeostatic mechanisms, and impaired immunological response. These changes contribute to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality and a decreased ability to adapt to stressors such as illness or injury.

Question 11

All the following statements are false about drug absorption except:

Accepted Answer

Underlying chronic disease can impact drug absorption. For example, patients with malabsorption syndromes may have impaired absorption of certain drugs.

Question 12

All of the following statements are true about laboratory values in older adults except:

Accepted Answer

Abnormal findings in laboratory values for older adults are not always due to physiological aging; they can also be indicative of underlying diseases or conditions.

Question 13

All of the following statements are true about drug distribution in the elderly except:

Accepted Answer

In the elderly, drugs distributed in water actually have higher concentrations due to decreased total body water.

Quiz 1: Changes With Aging