Question 1

What is an example of a qualitative research design?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is an example of a qualitative...

Question 2

Professor Smith is conducting a research study on discrimination; however,he is afraid that if he tells subjects the true nature of his research they might provide a socially desirable response and skew his results.To minimize socially desired responses and skewed results Professor Smith may use ______.

Accepted Answer

The use of deception is a common technique used by researchers to minimize socially desirable responses and skewed results. By not revealing the true nature of the research, participants will not alter their behavior or responses to fit what they believe to be the desired outcome. However, the use of deception must be carefully considered and ethical guidelines must be followed to ensure that participants are not harmed and are eventually debriefed about the true nature of the study.

Question 3

____ occurs at the beginning of the research study,whereas the ____ occurs at the end.

Accepted Answer

Informed consent occurs at the beginning of the research study, where participants are informed about the nature and purpose of the study and give their consent to participate. Debriefing occurs at the end of the study, where researchers explain the purpose and results of the study to participants. Reliability and confidentiality are not directly related to the timing of the study.

Question 4

Frank is a researcher at a large university and is nervous about an important meeting with a group who will scrutinize his research proposal while judging whether or not it follows reasonable ethical guidelines.Frank is meeting with _____.

Accepted Answer

An institutional review board (IRB) is responsible for reviewing research proposals to ensure that they follow ethical guidelines and do not pose any harm to human or animal subjects involved in the research. This is a common practice in universities, and Frank's nervousness implies that he is going through the IRB review process.

Question 5

Once the study has been carried out and the data collected,the participants must be _____.

Accepted Answer

Debriefing is a necessary step after a study to inform participants about the purpose of the study, provide feedback on their performance, and address any questions or concerns they may have. It is an ethical responsibility of the researcher to ensure that participants leave the study feeling informed and comfortable with their involvement. Payment, allowing participants to leave, and evaluating for psychological damage may also be necessary, but debriefing is the most critical step.

Question 6

What typically includes information about who is conducting the study,what the purposes of the study are,what participation in the study involves,what risks (if any)are involved in participating,and what the person can expect to receive in return for participation?

Accepted Answer

An informed consent form typically includes information about who is conducting the study, what the purposes of the study are, what participation in the study involves, what risks (if any) are involved in participating, and what the person can expect to receive in return for participation. The other options do not necessarily include all of this information.

Question 7

When participants are provided with specific responses to choose from on a questionnaire,what type of format is being used?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When participants are provided with specific responses...

Question 8

Informed consent is for ____ of the research study,whereas a debriefing is for ____.

Accepted Answer

Informed consent is obtained at the beginning of a study to ensure participants understand the research and agree to participate. Debriefing occurs at the end to explain the study's purpose and findings to the participants.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes confidentiality within scientific research?

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality within scientific research means that personal information of the participants will not be disclosed publicly or to anyone outside the immediate research group. Results from the study will not identify any of the participants by name. This is important to protect the privacy and confidentiality of the participants.

Question 10

When subjects ____,they are provided with findings,results,and conclusions of the research study they participated in.In addition,if deception was used they must be told the true purpose of the study and the reason for the deception.

Accepted Answer

Debriefing is the process of informing the subjects about the findings, results, and conclusions of the research study they participated in. It also includes telling them if any deception was used and the reason for it. Informed consent (B) is also necessary, but it refers to the process of obtaining the subjects' permission to participate in the study. Random selection (A) and dependent variables (D) are not relevant to the debriefing process.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a debriefing within scientific research?

Accepted Answer

Debriefing in scientific research involves informing the subjects about the true purpose of the study and explaining any deception that was used. This is done to ensure ethical standards are maintained and to respect the participants' right to be informed.

Question 12

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)require researchers to show that deception in a proposed research study ____.

Accepted Answer

Institutional Review Boards require researchers to ensure that their studies do not cause harm to subjects. Deception can cause emotional or psychological harm to participants, and therefore researchers must provide a detailed plan for mitigating any potential harm before being approved for a study. While scientific contribution is an important factor, it is not the primary concern of the IRB.

Question 13

What is the most commonly used method in social science research?

Accepted Answer

Surveys are the most commonly used method in social science research because they can efficiently collect large amounts of data from a wide range of participants. Surveys allow researchers to obtain self-reported information about attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and experiences of individuals or groups. While other methods like case studies, experiments, and correlational studies have their own advantages, surveys are the most preferred method due to their flexibility, ease of administration, and cost-effectiveness.

Question 14

What is the most important consideration in human development research in terms of ethical standards? That the participants will ____.

Accepted Answer

The most important consideration in human development research in terms of ethical standards is that the participants will not be harmed. This is because researchers have a responsibility to ensure the well-being and safety of their participants, and to minimize any potential risks or discomfort that may arise from their involvement in the study. Other considerations, such as gaining knowledge or learning something from the study, are also important, but they should never be prioritized over the ethical principle of non-maleficence (i.e., do no harm). Fun participation may not always be possible, and gaining knowledge or learning something are secondary objectives to participant safety.

Question 15

When participants are allowed to state their responses following the questions,what type of format is being used?

Accepted Answer

In an open-ended question format, participants are allowed to freely state their responses following the questions. This differs from a closed-question format (where participants choose from a set list of responses) and a multiple-choice format (where participants select from a set of options). Stream of consciousness format typically refers to a style of writing or narration where thoughts and ideas flow uninterrupted, rather than a format for research questions.

Question 16

What research method allows a researcher to hear people describe their lives in their own words?

Accepted Answer

An interview is a research method that allows a researcher to hear people describe their lives in their own words. Through conducting interviews, researchers can gather in-depth information and insights about an individual's experiences, attitudes, beliefs, and values.

Question 17

What are usually comprised of people who have research experience themselves and therefore have experience that enables them to judge whether the research being proposed follows reasonable ethical guidelines?

Accepted Answer

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) are usually comprised of individuals with research experience who can determine whether the proposed research follows ethical guidelines. They are also responsible for protecting the rights and welfare of human research participants at their institution.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a questionnaire with a closed-question format?

Accepted Answer

A closed-question format means that participants are given specific responses to choose from, rather than being allowed to state their own responses.

Question 19

Participants want to feel sure that their responses will be ____.

Accepted Answer

Participants may not feel comfortable being completely honest in their responses if they feel that their answers may be shared with others or used against them in some way. Ensuring confidentiality can help participants feel more comfortable being honest in their responses. Therefore, option C is the best choice.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes informed consent within scientific research?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent within scientific research involves informing the participants about the purpose of the study, the risks involved, and what they can expect in return for participating. Option A is partially correct but does not cover all aspects of informed consent. Option B is related to data confidentiality and not informed consent. Option D is out of context and does not relate to informed consent.

Quiz 1: A Cultural Approach to Human Development