Question 1

What is the relationship found in existing research between age and the quality of job performance for most jobs?

Accepted Answer

Most research suggests that job performance remains constant across age for most jobs, although there may be some decline in physically demanding jobs as individuals age. However, some studies have found that older workers may have an advantage in certain areas such as attention to detail and overall job knowledge. Overall, the relationship between age and job performance varies depending on the job and individual factors.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT among the 6 personality types studied by Holland in his research on personality and occupational choices?

Accepted Answer

The six personality types studied by Holland are realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional. "Intuitive" is not one of them.

Question 3

Which factor(s) contribute to the finding of stable job performance across age groups?

Accepted Answer

Crystallized abilities refer to the knowledge and skills that one gains through education, training, and experience, and are likely to improve with age. Practiced ability refers to the skills that require practice to maintain, such as physical or technical skills, and can remain stable with age. Stable job demands refer to the factors that remain consistent in a particular job, and do not change with age. Therefore, all of the above factors contribute to the finding of stable job performance across age groups.

Question 4

Scores from male identical twins regarding occupational choices were more highly correlated then occupational choices from fraternal twins. This finding supports a(n) _____ influence on career choice

Accepted Answer

The answer of Scores from male identical twins regarding occupational...

Question 5

There are numerous studies comparing the effects on children of mothers who work. What finding(s) was/were noted consistently?

Accepted Answer

All three findings (more egalitarian attitudes, considering more career options for daughters, and sharing household work for sons) have been consistently noted in studies comparing the effects on children of mothers who work.

Question 6

Which pattern of work and non-work is associated with greatest work success or highest income among women?

Accepted Answer

Continuous work is associated with the greatest work success or highest income among women because it allows for uninterrupted career progression and skill development.

Question 7

In which of the following occupations is age most likely to be negatively correlated with job performance?

Accepted Answer

Age may negatively impact an air traffic controller's ability to react quickly and multitask effectively. This is due to physical and cognitive decline that often occurs with age.

Question 8

Like other social ills, poverty in old age is not equally distributed across ethnic groups or gender. Of the following older individuals, who is more apt to live his/her Golden Years in poverty?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that minority groups, particularly single women and people of color, are more likely to experience poverty in old age. Kaloni S., an African-American woman who lives alone, fits into this category and is more apt to live in poverty compared to the other individuals listed.

Question 9

Which facet of job performance is handled differently by older amateur musicians when compared to the performance of younger managers?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which facet of job performance is handled...

Question 10

When it comes to household labor, research suggested that. . .

Accepted Answer

Research on household labor has shown that women typically do more household work than men, men's income can influence the division of labor, and work hours affect how household tasks are divided, supporting all three models mentioned.

Question 11

One individual devotes more effort to his job, is absent from work very infrequently, and volunteers more often for on-the-job training. Who is it most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

The individual is likely to be Jose because he devotes more effort to his job, is absent from work very infrequently, and volunteers more often for on-the-job training. These are all signs of a dedicated and hardworking employee.

Question 12

We tend to think of ___ as "retirement age" because that is the age at which people in the United States are able to start receiving full Social Security benefits. However, many people retire earlier, and many keep working past that age.

Accepted Answer

The age at which people in the United States are able to start receiving full Social Security benefits is 66 (for those born between 1943-1954). While some choose to retire earlier or later than that age, 66 is considered the "retirement age." Options A, C, and D are either too young or too old to be considered the typical retirement age.

Question 13

Men and women work the same number of hours a week, but which spend more time on paid work and which spend more time on unpaid household work?

Accepted Answer

Men typically spend more time on paid work, while women spend more time on unpaid household work.

Question 14

For what type of jobs, if any, does job performance decline past midlife?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that jobs requiring speed, such as manual labor or assembly line work, may experience a decline in job performance past midlife. Jobs requiring concentration and analytic skills do not necessarily experience a decline in job performance.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the relationship between job satisfaction and age?

Accepted Answer

Research generally shows that job satisfaction tends to increase with age for both men and women. This could be due to a variety of factors, including increased job security, higher salaries, or more fulfilling work as individuals progress in their careers.

Question 16

In parent families in which both husband and wife work outside the home, who is most likely to be responsible for childcare?

Accepted Answer

Studies consistently show that in families where both parents work outside the home, the majority of childcare responsibilities fall on the mother. This could be due to societal expectations and traditional gender roles, which have been slow to change even as more women enter the workforce. While some families may strive for a more equal division of childcare duties, the reality is often different. While it is possible that other family members, such as teenage children, may also help with childcare, it is most likely that the primary responsibility would still fall on the mother.

Question 17

Men are _____ likely to be employed if they were fathers than if they had no children, and men who had children worked _____ hours the more children they had.

Accepted Answer

Men are more likely to be employed if they are fathers due to societal expectations and responsibilities, and they tend to work more hours as they have more children to support financially.

Question 18

Which of the following groups of people are likely to retire the LATEST?

Accepted Answer

Self-employed individuals have to rely on their own savings and investments to fund their retirement, as they do not have a pension or employer-sponsored retirement plan. This means they may work longer in order to accumulate enough savings to retire comfortably.

Question 19

Mario has just retired. What can he expect to happen to his health as a result of his retirement?

Accepted Answer

There is no guaranteed answer to how retirement will impact one's health as it can vary greatly depending on the individual's lifestyle and circumstances. However, research suggests that retirement itself does not have a direct correlation with improved or worsened health. Therefore, it is likely that Mario's health will remain essentially the same after retiring.

Question 20

According to the American Time Use Survey conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (Krantz-Kent, 2009), American adults spend about ___ hour a week doing paid and unpaid labor, and this is true for both men and women.

Accepted Answer

The American Time Use Survey indicates that American adults spend about 48 hours a week doing both paid and unpaid labor, which includes activities like housework, childcare, and other responsibilities.

Quiz 7: Work and Retirement